French Impressionism and Post Impressionism in the late 19th C.
French Impressionism and Post Impressionism in the late 19th C.
©Werner Hammerstingl,1998,1999
Before the emergence of Impressionism we can see a major political and social transition in central Europe which has demonstrable artistic and literary consequences.
The major aspects of this change include:
The 19C industrial expansion which took away opportunities of individual farming and craft practice and replaced them with paid labour in factories.
Governments across Europe are exploring constitutional formulas that attempt to balance the polarities of social right and material progress.
Religious institutions are trying to absorb new scientific knowledge and social theory against the fabric of ancient scriptures.
In France specifically we see the emergence of political instability with various Governments and various forms of government rising and succeeding another between the absolute monarchy that ends with Louis the XVI in 1789 and Napoleons expansionist empire building which begins in 1851with a coup d'état and comes to a close in 1870. Amongst these turbulant years we see political outcomes that range from "reign of terror", constitutional monarchy, a republic, a royal resoration and a socialist commune as well as the Napoleonic empire.
During this turbulent social and political era we also have Marx and Engels issuing the communist manifesto in 1848 and Darwin's revolutionary publication " Origin of the species" in 1859.
Painters have now access to synthetic chemical pigments developed by modern science which replace the old-fashioned organic pigments. The new pigments often have greater luminoscity and brilliance.
Lithography makes possible low-cost reproductions which allows artists to reach a new public with prints of their work. The same technology also brings about the newspaper and the low-cost novel. In every case, individual ideas can now be "broadcast" and diseminated amongst a more diverse audience than previously. Sheetmusic
©Werner Hammerstingl,1998,1999
Before the emergence of Impressionism we can see a major political and social transition in central Europe which has demonstrable artistic and literary consequences.
The major aspects of this change include:
The 19C industrial expansion which took away opportunities of individual farming and craft practice and replaced them with paid labour in factories.
Governments across Europe are exploring constitutional formulas that attempt to balance the polarities of social right and material progress.
Religious institutions are trying to absorb new scientific knowledge and social theory against the fabric of ancient scriptures.
In France specifically we see the emergence of political instability with various Governments and various forms of government rising and succeeding another between the absolute monarchy that ends with Louis the XVI in 1789 and Napoleons expansionist empire building which begins in 1851with a coup d'état and comes to a close in 1870. Amongst these turbulant years we see political outcomes that range from "reign of terror", constitutional monarchy, a republic, a royal resoration and a socialist commune as well as the Napoleonic empire.
During this turbulent social and political era we also have Marx and Engels issuing the communist manifesto in 1848 and Darwin's revolutionary publication " Origin of the species" in 1859.
Painters have now access to synthetic chemical pigments developed by modern science which replace the old-fashioned organic pigments. The new pigments often have greater luminoscity and brilliance.
Lithography makes possible low-cost reproductions which allows artists to reach a new public with prints of their work. The same technology also brings about the newspaper and the low-cost novel. In every case, individual ideas can now be "broadcast" and diseminated amongst a more diverse audience than previously. Sheetmusic