cooperative learning
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM
Introduction
Many people have tried to describe what Mathematics is. Most definitions use words like logical ideas, interconnected ideas, relationships and patterns. Mathematics is an exact science. Some may find it very abstract but analyzing all the creations of God, from the symmetry on one’s body down to the proportionality and ratio in the nature, and curvature in some towers and bridges, Math is really everywhere.
Mathematics education in the Philippines is one of the priority concerns of the Department of Education (DepEd). A typical Mathematics class usually employs the question and answer type of exposition. The teacher starts with definitions and rules, and students are most of the time quiet and just listen to the teacher. The Department of Education points to K to 12 Enhanced Basic Education Program to address one of the main weaknesses of the Philippine educational system—the congested curriculum. From teacher-centered instruction, the paradigm shifts to student-centered instruction. Students are hard pressed to learn in 10 years, a curriculum that is actually designed for 12 years in other countries. Hence, Filipino students are not able to achieve comprehension and mastery, particularly of core subjects. The main goals of Mathematics education in K to 12 Curriculum are developing the following skills: knowing and understanding, estimating, computing and solving, visualizing and modeling, representing and modeling, representing and communicating, conjecturing, reasoning, proving and decision-making and applying and connecting. ( DepEd Order 31,s.2012 ). Further, in the session on the performance of the Department of Education ( DepEd) at a forum on March 19,2013, One Small Step Forward Foundation Inc., President Jaime del Rosario noted two trends: the lower NAT scores of high school students compared to elementary students, and the sentiments of teachers about their lack of skills to handle the subject required in the
THE PROBLEM
Introduction
Many people have tried to describe what Mathematics is. Most definitions use words like logical ideas, interconnected ideas, relationships and patterns. Mathematics is an exact science. Some may find it very abstract but analyzing all the creations of God, from the symmetry on one’s body down to the proportionality and ratio in the nature, and curvature in some towers and bridges, Math is really everywhere.
Mathematics education in the Philippines is one of the priority concerns of the Department of Education (DepEd). A typical Mathematics class usually employs the question and answer type of exposition. The teacher starts with definitions and rules, and students are most of the time quiet and just listen to the teacher. The Department of Education points to K to 12 Enhanced Basic Education Program to address one of the main weaknesses of the Philippine educational system—the congested curriculum. From teacher-centered instruction, the paradigm shifts to student-centered instruction. Students are hard pressed to learn in 10 years, a curriculum that is actually designed for 12 years in other countries. Hence, Filipino students are not able to achieve comprehension and mastery, particularly of core subjects. The main goals of Mathematics education in K to 12 Curriculum are developing the following skills: knowing and understanding, estimating, computing and solving, visualizing and modeling, representing and modeling, representing and communicating, conjecturing, reasoning, proving and decision-making and applying and connecting. ( DepEd Order 31,s.2012 ). Further, in the session on the performance of the Department of Education ( DepEd) at a forum on March 19,2013, One Small Step Forward Foundation Inc., President Jaime del Rosario noted two trends: the lower NAT scores of high school students compared to elementary students, and the sentiments of teachers about their lack of skills to handle the subject required in the
References: Abustan, A.A. (2013). Enhancement of Mathematical and Problem Solving Skills Through Peer Tutoring Azagra, J.P. (2013).Level of Teaching Proficiency of Grade One Mathematics Teachers in the Division of Lucena City: Basis for a Proposed Action Plan Bransford, J.et. al (2005) How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School 23,2014from:http://owww.brookes.ac.uk/services/ocsld/group_work/turnin_student_groups_into_effective_teams.pdf Flores,B.H.(2012).Determinants of Mathematical Achievements of Grade V Pupils: A Proposed Gillies, R.M.et. al. (2008). The Teacher’s Role in Implementing Cooperative Learning in the Classroom Hinay, J.O. (2008). Multiple Intelligences Learning Styles as Related to Math Achievement of the Grade IV Pupils of Lucena City East District: Basis for Enhanced Math Program Johnson et.al. (2005). Active Learning: Cooperation in the Classroom. Retrieved September 15,2014 from ahttp:serc.carleton.edu/introgeo/cooperative/group-types.html Johnson et.al (2006) http://serc.carleton.edu/introgeo/cooperative/whatis.html Kagan, S.(2005) Li,M.P.et.al. (2005).The Active Classroom. Retrieved September 16,2014 from: http://www.ied.edu.hk/aclass/Theories/cooperativelearningcoursewriting_LBH%2024June.pdf Lalunio, E.D.(2012). Enlivening the Teaching and Learning of Geometry Through Mathematical Investigations and Mathematical Games Maghirang, B. C. (2011 ).National Achievement Test as Predictor of Students Performance in Mathematics 7: Basis for Remediation Program Manalo, P. A. (2011). Instructional Challenges Encountered by the Elementary Mathematics Teachers in the Division of Lucena City Marlow, E. (2006).Cooperative Learning Versus Competition.Which is Better?. USA: ERIC. Enhancement Program for Mathematics. Unpublished Masteral Thesis. Sacred Heart College, Lucena City. Moore, K.D.(2013) Queano, R. R. (2012). Development and Validation of Differentiated Instructional Materials in Teaching Rational Algebraic Expressions Quiambao, S.S.(2009). Effectiveness of Differentiated Instruction in Teaching Selected Topics in Elementary Algebra Schulz, L. (2012).Engaging Learners through cooperative learning Retrieved September 7,2014 from:https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=www.google&oq=www.google&aqs=chrome.0.69i59.7565j0j7&sourceid=chrome&es_sm=93&ie=UTFUreta, J Zulueta,F.M.(2003) Principles and Methods of Teaching. Mandaluyong City: National Bookstore Inc.