GUIDED PHOTONS Serial No. Name Of Team Member Registration No. Branch 1. Bhaskar Sundaraseshan 13Bee1028 E.E.E. 2. Raj Vadhan Khandekar 13BEE1072 E.E.E. 3. Mayank Raj 13BEE1073 E.E.E. 4. Nambiar Nikhil SunilKumar 13BEE1083 E.E.E. 5. Onkar PradipRao Pimparwar 13BEE1094 E.E.E. INTRODUCTION A waveguide is a structure that guides waves‚ such as electromagnetic waves or sound waves. There are different types of waveguides for each type of
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Photon The photon is massless‚[Note 2] has no electric charge‚[12] and is stable. A photon has two possible polarization states and is described by exactly three continuous parameters: the components of its wave vector‚ which determine its wavelength λ and its direction of propagation. The photon is the gauge boson for electromagnetism‚[13] and therefore all other quantum numbers of the photon (such as lepton number‚ baryon number‚ and flavour quantum numbers) are zero.[14] Photons are emitted
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JOURNAL OF APPLIED CLINICAL MEDICAL PHYSICS‚ VOLUME 1‚ NUMBER 3‚ SUMMER 2000 Comparison between TG-51 and TG-21: Calibration of photon and electron beams in water using cylindrical chambers S. H. Cho‚a) J. R. Lowenstein‚b) P. A. Balter‚c) N. H. Wells‚d) and W. F. Hansone) Department of Radiation Physics‚ The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center‚ 1515 Holcombe Boulevard‚ Box 547‚ Houston‚ Texas 77030 ͑Received 31 March 2000; accepted for publication 8 June 2000͒ A new calibration
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words. Both confocal and two-photon (multi-photon) laser imaging can generate 3D images by capturing a stack of optical sections at different focal planes. In confocal microscopy‚ a detector pinhole which rejects fluorescence from off-focus locations is used; while‚ two- photon microscopy is capable of giving 3D contrast and resolution (comparable to confocal microscopy) without the necessity for the detector pinhole used in the confocal microscope. Two-photon microscopy doesn’t need the pinhole
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occurs when an incident photon bounces off an atom. The photoelectric effect is inversely proportional to the kV cubed and is proportional to the atomic number cubed. The photon is completely absorbed. The ejected electron is known as the photoelectron. In Compton scatter the incident photon is both absorbed and scattered. The ejected electron is known as a recoil electron which is scattered in the forward direction. The photon has a longer wavelength than the incident photon due to loss of energy
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control (0.96- 1.215ghz) GPS(Global Positioning System): 1.227-1.575ghz WiFi (brandname) WLAN 2.4Ghz 802.11b‚11g /5ghz 802.11a Microwave Oven: 2.45ghz Bluetooth: ISM band 2.4ghz‚ band divided 79channels (1mhz=1600t/s) Quantum energy of microwave photons is in the range 0.00001 to 0.001 eV Human body transparent to microwaves Quantum States: Molecular rotation and torsion Quantum million times lower than X-rays(ionizing radiation=damage) Radio astronomy 30ghz – 1Thz Infrared(IR)- “infra” – below
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single stranded DNA. We have also used it to measure concentration of chemicals. This lecture will discuss spectophotometry in more detail. Background: You will recall from CHM 113 (week 4) that light is described by both a particle theory (photons) and a wave theory. In CHM 113‚ we discussed the relationships between energy‚ wavelength‚ frequency‚ and speed of light waves. The wavelength‚ λ‚ (lambda) of any wave is the crest-to-crest distance between waves. The frequency‚ ν‚ (nu) is the
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2013 ablation of bagasse in ethanol. Strong optical limiting effects of as-prepared CNDs to Accepted 19 December 2013 800 nm femtosecond laser pulses were observed with the threshold of 74 mJ/cm2. The Available online 26 December 2013 strong two photon absorption of CNDs is responsible for the optical limiting response. The nonlinear coefficient was determined by the open-aperture Z-scan technique. Ó 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Luminescent carbon nanodots (CNDs) with the size in the
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occurs when an X-ray photon is incident with an atom present in the sample where photon is annihilated and the atom becomes ionized. The atom undergoes a de-exitation to its ground level energy state when the atom binds with a nearby electron. This effect can be described by an energy equation given by K − hν0 − B where K is the kinetic energy of the photoelectron‚ and B is its binding energy. During the de-exitation of the atom to its ground state‚ characteristic X-ray photons are produced directly
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Exploring the virtual reality conjecture Brian Whitworth Introduction Computers today simulate entire worlds‚ with their own time‚ space and objects‚ but that our world could be so is normally a topic of science fiction‚ not physics. Yet that the world is illusory has a long history. In Buddhism‚ the world expresses the Universal Mind‚ in Hinduism it is Maya‚ the illusion of "God’s play”‚ and to Plato it was just shadows flickering on a wall1. That the world is digital is also not new‚ as to
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