content Variables Syllogisms=deductive argument made of three statements Two premises (may have more)and one conclusion(always) Conditional=if then structure Antecedent =the statement that follows if Consequent =statement that follows then Modus ponens=affirming the antecedentPhilosophy notes 9-17-13 Two forms of argument 1) Deductive= provides logically conclusive spport for the conclusion Valid-if the premises are true then the conclusion cannot be false Invalid- it fail to provide support
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This argument differs from modus ponens in that its categorical premises affirms the consequent‚ not the antecedant . As we will see when we discuss Truth tables ‚ there is no inconsistency in holding that P is false and Q is true: we can hold that the propositon "IF p‚ then Q" to be
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viewed either positively or negatively depending upon the cutlure (p. 36) - Know Mary Midgley’s definition of ’moral isolationism’ (p. 37) Key terms: statement premises conclusion deductive inductive valid invalid Key ideas: modus ponens modus tollens Hypothetical syllogism implied premises Fallacies: appeal to authority appeal to ignorance straw man appeal to the person hasty generalization Chapter 4: The Power of Moral Theories Reading: pages 65-75 Key terms: moral
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Chapter 2: The Logic of Compound Statements August 16‚ 2011 Outline 1 2.1 Logical Form and Logical Equivalence 2 2.2 Conditional Statements 3 2.3 Valid and Invalid Arguments 4 2.4 Application: Digital Logic Circuits • Central notion of deductive logic: argument form • Argument: sequence of statements whose goal is to establish the truth of an assertion • The assertion at the end of the sequence is called the conclusion while the preceding statements in an argument
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Written Assignment 1 Section 1.1: 8b). I bought a lottery ticket this week OR I won the million dollar jackpot on Friday. e). I bought a lottery ticket this week IF AND ONLY IF I won the million dollar jackpot on Friday. f).If I did not buy a lottery ticket this week‚then I did not win the million dollar lottery on Friday. 12f).You have the flu AND you miss the final examination‚OR if you do not miss the final examination AND ytou pass the course. 18a). The conditional statement:if
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A. Therefore‚ B. This pattern‚ as we have seen‚ is called modus ponens. Arguments with this pattern consist of one conditional premise‚ a second premise that asserts as true the antecedent (the if part) of the conditional‚ and a conclusion that asserts as true the consequent (the then part) of the conditional. Other common varieties of hypothetical syllogisms include • chain argument • modus tollens (denying the consequent) • denying the antecedent • affirming the consequent
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This paper will be a discussion of moral judgments and the disagreements surrounds their validity in the absolute and moral sense.Most philosophers believe in either Normative Moral Relativism or Moral Objectivism. In class‚ Normative Moral Relativism is defined as the view that the truth or falsity of moral judgments is relative to the traditions etc. of a society or culture. Moral Objectivism‚ however‚ is defined in class as the view that morality is objective only if three rules are met‚ the first
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Chapter 1 Philosophy means philein: love and sophia: wisdom‚ the love or pursuit of wisdom Philosophy beings with wonder‚ a search for the answer to a greater question Philosophy is a dynamic process‚ the dynamic nature of philosophical thinking‚ a process that is dialectical in the sense that ideas are continually analyzed in terms of their opposites‚ with the ultimate goal of creating a more enlightened synthesis The ultimate aim of philosophy is the goals is 1. the complete liberty of the
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failure in modus tollens to mood swings. Participants were measured on the tendency to have either positive or negative self-referent appraisals‚ and then tested on 16 statements‚ each containing a simple premise‚ and a conclusion that corresponded to one of the four types of logical inferences (modus pones‚ modus tollens‚ etc.). What they found was those with a high tendency for the appraisals were more likely to fail at the disconfirming tasks‚ i.e. The have difficulty using modus tollens. This study
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three he asserts the limitations that appear if God can create a stone that he cannot lift‚ thereby‚ also‚ not performing an action‚ and so it would seem‚ that God’s omnipotence can be called into question. This argument is valid and is in modus tollens form. It is valid because the assertion in line 4 logically follows from lines 1 through 3. However‚ the argument is not sound. Mavrodes attempts to show that God’s omnipotence is paradoxical‚ for it appears that there is something that God cannot
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