__________________________ • __________________________ 7. B and T lymphocytes recognize pathogens by binding to them. What the lymphocyte recognizes is called the __________________ found on the antigen. 9. Specific B cells called _________ cells secrete ______________‚ which bind to the antigens. Humoral Versus Cellular Immunity 10. ____________ immunity is directed against pathogens in the extracellular fluid. This immunity involves ___ lymphocytes. 11. ____________ immunity is directed against pathogens
Premium Immune system
maintain the number and function of lymphocytes after 24 and 48 h of blood storage‚ giving similar test results as in freshly isolated specimens. Methods: Whole blood specimens from 59 individuals were collected in Vacutainer CPT tubes (CPT) and lithium heparin (LH) tubes. CPT tubes were processed within 8 h. T-Cell Xtend was added to LH tubes after 24 or 48 h. We also left LH tubes untreated for 48 h. Total number of white blood cells (WBC) and proportions of lymphocytes and granulocytes were determined
Premium White blood cell Blood Tuberculosis
Erythrocytes Survive 120 Days Hemoglobin * Globin: 4 folded polypeptide chains * Heme: Iron group in each polypeptide that binds 02 Enzymes: * Glycolytic: generate energy through glycolysis due to lack of mitochondria * Carbonic anhydrase: for transport of CO2 into HCO3 Erythropoiesis: * regeneration of new cells in the bone marrow Erythropoietin (hormone): * when kidneys detect not enough 02 they secrete this hormone which stimulates erythropoiesis‚ increasing 02 capacity
Premium Coagulation Red blood cell White blood cell
differential count of white blood cells from a patient gave the absolute number of lymphocytes as 8000 per mm3 and the total number of white blood cells as 12‚000 per mm3. Calculate the percentage of lymphocytes in this sample of white blood cells. Is this a normal or abnormal percentage? Explain your answer. (4 Marks) Percentage of lymphocytes in WBC= 8000/12000 100=66.67%‚ the normal values of lymphocytes in blood is 20%-40%. So this would be an abnormal percentage. 5. Describe the difference
Premium White blood cell Red blood cell Immune system
to the blood. Antigen-activated lymphocytes differentiate and proliferate by cloning in the lymph nodes. They are packed tightly with the white blood cells called lymphocytes and macrophages. Functions: The lymph nodes filter and monitor the lymph‚ an interstitial fluid‚ for foreign particles. These foreign particles commonly known as pathogens‚ or germs‚ can set up infections anywhere in the body. The lymph fluid inside of the lymph nodes contains lymphocytes‚ a type of white blood cell‚ which
Premium Lymphatic system Immune system
fast pace. By the next week‚ she was in the hospital taking a treatment for a cancer called Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. Hodgkin’s Lymphoma can change one’s life‚ but with the proper care it can be survived. Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphocytes. The lymphocytes are part of the lymphatic system which is the system that fights infection. This cancer has the ability to spread anywhere throughout the body. Cells in Hodgkin’s Lymphoma are Reed-Sternberg cells. These cells are larger in size compared
Premium Cancer Immune system
Biology notes The search for better health Discuss the difficulties of defining the terms ‘health’ and ‘disease’ - Disease is any condition that impairs normal living processes and is recognised by the presence of specific symptoms - Many diseases are best understood as a disturbance of homeostasis - Health is a state of complete physical‚ mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity - ‘Health’ and ‘disease’ are not always easy terms to define - For example‚ someone
Free Immune system Bacteria
HEMATOPOIESIS The formation and development of the cells of the blood. It is a continuous regulated process of blood cell production that includes cell renewal‚ proliferation‚ differentiation and maturation. It is the process by which immature precursor cells develop into mature blood cells. The currently accepted theory on how this process works is called the monophyletic theory which simply means that a single type of stem cell gives rise to all the mature blood cells in the body
Premium Bone marrow Red blood cell Blood
the lymphoid follicles such as the tonsils. Lymphoid tissues consist of lymphocytes and other types of cells for support in case of disease. The lymphatic system also included specialized structures for the production of lymphocytes and also for circulation. Lymph nodes produce the white blood cells that are more commonly known as lymphocytes. These are formed by the thymus‚ bone marrow and spleen. The first type of lymphocyte is the ones that attach to invading microbes. They do this directly whilst
Premium Immune system Antibody White blood cell
nodes. Bone marrow is the soft tissue that is found inside of most of our bones. Every cell of the human immune system originate from stem cells in the bone marrow. The bone marrow then goes through a process called hematopoiesis‚ which produces B-lymphocytes (B-cell)‚ immature thymocytes‚ red blood cells‚ white blood cells‚ and platelets. Hematopoiesis is the process wherein hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) differentiate into either lymphoid or myeloid
Premium Immune system Bone marrow Blood