primary function of the lymphatic system is to transport ‘lymph’ which is a clear fluid that contains white blood cells (lymphocytes) and drain it back into the blood. This helps get rid of; toxins‚ waste and any foreign bodies within a human. The lymphocytes are cells of the immune system which helps the body to fight diseases. There are two types of lymphocytes; T and B lymphocytes. Unlike our blood‚ which travels through the body in a continuous loop‚ lymph only travels in one direction which is
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the venous system 2. Lymphatic tissue and organs—found throughout the body *Lymph system cells—lymphocytes‚ phagocytes and other immune system cells What is Lymph? Fluid derived from plasma/interstitial fluid. Does not have plasma proteins What does the Lymphatic System do? Returns interstitial fluid and leaked plasma proteins to the blood stream It produces‚ maintains‚ and distributes lymphocytes Protects against pathogens Immune system is all body cells and tissues involved in immunity (includes
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Immunosuppression‚ Maggie‚ to get sick very easily. More proteins shared‚ less immunosuppression‚ why interest in growing human stem cells. Antigens‚ any molecule or fragment of a molecule that has the POTENTIAL to trigger a specific immune response by lymphocytes. Antibody generating substance. Immunogen‚ a type of antigen that actually DOES induce a specific immune response. Immune cells act to antigen as nonself or as foreign Poor immunogens‚ small molecules not attached to a carrier molecule (hapten)
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Chapter 16-Lymphatic System & Immunity 1. Explain the functions of the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system functions to balance fluid‚ lipid absorption (via lacteals=lymph capillaries) and defense. It removes toxins/pathogens‚ fight infections and transports excess fluid in the interstitial spaces and returns it to the blood stream. Lacteals absorb digested fats from small intestines and transports it to venous circulation. 2. Trace the general pathway of lymph from the interstitial
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Lindsay Turner 4/20/01 White Blood Cells Bacteria exist everywhere in the environment and have continuous access to the body through the mouth‚ nose and pores of skin. Further more‚ many cells age and die daily and their remains must be removed‚ this is where the white blood cell plays its role. According to this quotation‚ without white blood cells‚ also known as leukocytes‚ we would not be able to survive. White blood cells are our body ’s number one defense against infections. They
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complete development in the red bone marrow and create the majority of formed elements in the blood‚ lymphoid stem cells finish up in the lymphatic tissues of the body. From there lymphocytes are created and all formed elements‚ including lymphocytes‚ are swept into the blood stream to complete their jobs. However‚ lymphocytes divide once they leave the marrow‚ while other formed elements do not. 3. Erythropoiesis is the creation of red blood cells. The making of red blood cells (RBCs) starts in the
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of the total WBC. Neutrophils last less than 1 day so the bone marrow must constantly make new neutrophils to maintain protection against infection. T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes are other major white blood cells. T lymphocytes help regulate the function of other immune cells and directly attack various infected cells and tumors. B lymphocytes make antibodies which are proteins that specifically target bacteria‚ viruses and other foreign matter. An example of what can happen in the body when the
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forms lymph nodules and lymph nodes. A reticular connective tissue bed is loaded with lymphocytes and macrophages‚ which filter toxins and attack disease organisms. Lymph nodules and lymph nodes filter lymph Arrangement of fibers into irregular trabeculae in lymph nodes forces the fluid to “percolate” through and encounter a large SA of lymphoid tissue. Germinal centers in the outer cortex contain many lymphocytes. Lymph nodes also consolidate vessels as there are fewer (and larger efferent vessels)
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The integumentary system serves as protection for the body. While its goal is to avoid damage‚ diseases of the skin do occur. Diseases of the integumentary system vary from skin cancer to acne to warts. Warts‚ however‚ are small tumors that are caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). The type of wart depends on the type of HPV. Overproduction of the keratin protein leads to verruca plantaris‚ better known as plantar warts. They are rough‚ hard growths that appear on the sole of the foot. Typically
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2. Compare the development of lymphocytes with other formed elements. B lymphocytes develop in red bone marrow‚ T lymphocytes develop in red bone marrow and mature in the thymus; the other formed elements develop in red bone marrow 3. What is erythropoiesis? Which factors speed up and slow down erythropoiesis? Erythropoiesis is the process by which red blood cells (erythrocytes) are produced. If you lose a lot of blood‚ erythropoiesis will speed up; anemia can cause erythropoiesis to slow down
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