Microbiology‚ Test 3 Study Guide Chapters 14‚ 15‚ 16 and 17 Chapter 14 This chapter is about the principles of disease and epidemiology. Epidemiology – the science that studies when and where diseases occur and how they are transmitted. CDC‚ Atlanta‚ tracks and traces diseases. ONE World (the idea that it’s all in one place‚ it could happen anywhere; locally‚ states‚ large counties track the incidences and occurrences of disease)
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Hodgkin lymphoma each affect a different kind of lymphocyte. In lymphoma‚ a white blood cell starts multiplying and spreading abnormally. The body has two main types of lymphocytes that can develop into lymphomas: B-lymphocytes (B-cells) and T-lymphocytes (T-cells). There are four types of HL‚ an uncommon form of lymphoma that involves the Reed-Sternberg cells. The four types are: Nodular sclerosing‚ Mixed cellularity‚ Lymphocyte rich and Lymphocyte depleted. There are more than 61 types of NHL‚ some
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Chapter 20- List the functions of the lymphatic vessels. The function of the lymphatic vessels‚ or lymphatic’s‚ is an elaborate system of drainage vessels that collect the excess protein-containing interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream. Describe the structure and distribution of lymphatic vessels. The lymphatic collecting vessels have the same three tunics as veins‚ but the collecting vessels are thinner walled‚ have more internal valves‚ and anastomose more. The lymphatic
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found in many organs‚ particularly the lymph nodes‚ and in the lymphoid follicles associated with the digestive system such as the tonsils. Lymphoid tissues contain lymphocytes‚ but they also contain other types of cells for support.[3] The system also includes all the structures dedicated to the circulation and production of lymphocytes (the primary cellular component of lymph)‚ which includes the spleen‚ thymus‚ bone marrow‚ and the lymphoid tissue associated with the digestive system.[4] The blood
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(bacteria) cell. Steps of immune response and creation of antibodies; 1. A specific antigen type is identified 2. A specific B lymphocyte is identified that can produce an antibody which will bind to the antigen (proteins on the pathogen) 3. The B lymphocytes and several identical B lymphocytes clone themselves via mitosis to rapidly increase the number of B lymphocytes. 4. The newly formed army begins antibody production 5. Newly released antibodies circulate in the bloodstream and eventually
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the lymphatic system play a central role in the body’s defenses against a variety of pathogens‚ or disease-causing organisms. Acts against environment hazards‚ various pathogens‚ and internal threats. Lymphocytes (primary cell) are vital to or overcoming infection and disease. Lymphocytes respond to invading pathogens‚ abnormal body cells‚ and foreign proteins. They act to eliminate these threats or render them harmless through a combination of physical and chemical attacks. Immunity is the
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pathogens‚ is taken up by lymphatic capillaries‚ and flows as lymph‚ eventually returning to the blood circulatory system. * Along the way‚ lymph must pass through numerous lymph nodes‚ where any pathogens present encounter macrophages and lymphocytes. * Microorganisms‚ microbial fragments‚ and foreign molecules that enter the blood encounter macrophages when they become trapped in the netlike architecture of the spleen. * Eosinophils‚ about 1.5% of all leukocytes‚ contribute to defense
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Nonspecific Defenses (passive immunity) TRUE OR FALSE? _____ 1. The skin is the single most important defense the body has. _____ 2. Sneezing removes pathogens from your nose. _____ 3. Sweat‚ mucus‚ tears‚ and saliva are all types of mechanical barriers used to protect you. _____ 4. The inflammatory response is part of the body’s first line of defense. _____ 5. Leukocytes are white blood cells that fight infections and get rid of debris. _____ 6. Barriers that keep out pathogens are the
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Blood Cells Leukocytes (WBC’s) Leukocytes also known as white blood cells (WBCs) are cells which play a defensive roll in the body against injury and infection. They migrate towards tissues where they are needed and become functional performing various activities. WBCs can be divided into 2 groups: Polymorphonuclear granulocytes and mononuclear agranulocytes. Both types are spherical while suspended in blood plasma but when they invade tissues after leaving the blood vessels they become amoeboid
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of a bacterial infection on the hemotocrit would cause a decrease of the haematocrit. Compare the development of lymphocytes with the development of other formed elements. There are two kinds of lymphocytes‚ B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. Lymphocytes begin in the bone marrow‚ if they stay there then they are B lymphocytes‚ if they move to the thymus they are called T lymphocytes. The other formed elements of blood start with a mixture of plasma that develop through erythrocytes and the platelets
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