Experiment 28: The reaction of Butanols with Hydrobromic Acid Pre-lab Objective: The objective of this experiment is to synthesize 1-bromobutane and 2-bromobutane with different catalyst:substrate ratios to determine which ratio is the most economically favorable. Discussion: In this experiment‚ 1-butanol or 2-butanol will be converted to the corresponding alkyl bromide with HBR‚ while using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The sulfuric acid will accelerate the chemical reaction with being consumed
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Acid/ Base Titration Lab Design III Materials: Goggles HCl NaOH Distilled Water Label Beaker Graduated Cylinder Pipet Stirring rod Buret with clamp Stopper Ring Stand Utility Clamp Computer Computer Program pH probe Procedure: 1) 2) Goggles were put on. 3) 0.1 M NaOH solution was made using 0.4 g NaOH and 100 mL distilled water. The ingredients were added together in a beaker and stirred. 4) The buret was standardized by adding 10 mL of distilled water‚ rolling
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has no effect on the percentage conversion‚ but helps to speed up reaction. Without the catalyst the reaction would be extremely slow. Stage 3: Making Sulphuric Acid In principle‚ you can react sulphur trioxide with water to make sulphuric acid. In practice‚ this produces an uncontrollable fog of concentrated sulphuric acid. Instead‚ the sulphur trioxide is absorbed in concentrated sulphuric acid to give
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phosphoric acid‚ and 1mL of concentrated sulfuric acid was added to a 250 mL round bottom flask and mixed thoroughly with a magnetic stirrer. A simple distillation set up was installed with a 250mL round bottom flask‚ jack‚ stirrer‚ heating mantle‚ and variac. The solution was heated gently with a small heating mantle to distill the crude product while keeping the vapor temperature around 100C or less. The crude product was collected which contained water‚ 4-methylcyclohexene‚ and trace acid. D
Free Distillation Sulfuric acid Infrared spectroscopy
But-2-enedioic acid Introduction Cis-trans isomers are a kind of stereoisomers called geometrical isomers. Due to the inability of rotation about the C=C bond‚ some compounds possess cis and trans isomers. But-2-enedioic acid is an example of having both isomers. Maleic acid Fumaric acid Cis and trans isomers have different physical properties such as boiling point‚ solubility‚ density and stability. In this experiment some maleic acid is converted to fumaric acid by
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Acidity’s effects on Fruit Browning Aim: To test whether the acidity of the surface area of an apple has an effect on the rate of enzymatic browning over 70 minutes. Hypothesis: the more acidic the surface area the longer it takes for the fruit to oxidise. Variables: Independent: acidity of surface area of the apple Dependent: the progression of melanin (brown pigment) after 70 minutes Controlled/fixed: time of day‚ knife used to cut fruit‚ portion of fruit‚ environment
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MODULE 2: GENETICS‚ VARIATION AND NATURAL SELECTION SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES & EXPLANATORY NOTES 1. Structure and Roles of Nucleic Acids 1.1 illustrate the structure of RNA and DNA using simple labelled diagrams; The genetic substance found in all organisms called DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a kind of nucleic acid. Nucleic acids consist of two long polymers of simpler units‚ called nucleotides; that are composed of three (3) main units as shown below: 1) A pentose sugar (deoxyribose
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As mentioned above‚ bacterial growth rates during the phase of exponential growth‚ under standard nutritional conditions (culture medium‚ temperature‚ pH‚ etc.)‚ define the bacterium’s generation time. Generation times for bacteria vary from about 12 minutes to 24 hours or more. The generation time for E. coli in the laboratory is 15-20 minutes‚ but in the intestinal tract‚ the coliform’s generation time is estimated to be 12-24 hours. For most known bacteria that can be cultured‚ generation times
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I’d research experience stories and all the facts‚ but I really just needed to try it myself! A few friends and I were sitting around playing Dead Space 3‚ when my friend Kyle told me that he could get some acid. Excitedly‚ we called his friend and asked him to bring him four hits of acid. As soon as the friend got to Kyle’s house he handed us each two hits‚ and we placed them on our tongues. Knowing that we had 30 to 45 minutes until the LSD trip began‚ we continued to play Kyle’s videogames.
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Every solution has either has an acid or basic trait. The acid or basic trait in a solution are called pH level. pH is a scale that is used to determine if solution is acidic ‚basic‚ or neutral. During Living Environment class‚ we conducted a experiment that allowed us to measure the pH levels of 3 solutions. We were split into groups and each person had to bring a household solution from around the house. There certain materials that were needed to conduct the experiment .The following
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