University A: Fats are made up fatty acids and a glycerol. They are stored in cells known as adipocytes throughout the body. When the body needs energy the stored fats are broken down through the process of metabolism and beta oxidation (Livestrong.com‚ n.d.). For example‚ triacylglyceride or triglyceride are broken down into their separate parts‚ fatty acid chains and a glycerol. The body will always metabolize the glycerol first because it is easier to break down for energy but it
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Fats‚ also known as triglycerides‚ are esters of three fatty acid chains and the alcohol glycerol. Fat is an important foodstuff for life‚ and fats serve both structural and metabolic functions. Some fatty acids that are set free by the digestion of fats are important because they cannot be synthesized in the body from simpler constituents.
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Three types of lipids in foods: 1) Triglycerides Composed of: * Three fatty acid molecules * Fatty acids are long chains of carbon atoms surrounded by hydrogen atoms. * One glycerol molecule * Glycerol is a three-carbon alcohol that is the backbone of a triglyceride Stored in fat cells - Unsaturated fatty acids: - Do not stack well together - Liquid at room temp - Present in plants oils Hydrogenation: the addition of hydrogen atoms to unsaturated fatty acids
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Königsmaier‚ L.‚ Oberwinkler‚ T.‚ Horn‚ P.‚ von Gronau‚ S.‚ Gonzalez‚ O.‚ Pfeiffer‚ F.‚ Bornberg-Bauer‚ E.‚ Oesterhelt‚ D.‚ 2008. Metabolism of halophilic archaea. Extremophiles 12‚ 177–196. Forsberg‚ C.W.‚ 1987. Production of 1‚ 3-propanediol from glycerol by Clostridium acetobutylicum and other clostridium species. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53‚ 639–643. Fukuchi‚ S.‚ Yoshimune‚ K.‚ Wakayama‚ M.‚ Moriguchi‚ M.‚ Nishikawa‚ K.‚ 2003. Unique amino acid composition of proteins in halophilic bacteria. J
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replaced by an -O-alkyl (alkoxy) group‚ and most commonly from carboxylic acids and alcohols. That is‚ esters are formed by condensing an acid with an alcohol. Esters are ubiquitous. Most naturally occurring fats and oils are the fatty acid esters of glycerol. Esters with low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and found in essential oils and pheromones. Phosphoesters form the backbone of DNA molecules. Nitrate esters‚ such as nitro-glycerine‚ are known for their explosive properties‚ while
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each other? Fatty acids are distinguished by the length of their carbon chains‚ degree of unsaturation and their location of double bonds. Most are triglycerides with glycerol backbones and three fatty acids attached. 2. What are the differences between saturated‚ unsaturated‚ monounsaturated‚ and polyunsaturated fatty acids? Describe the structure of a triglyceride. Saturated fats are
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CHAPTER 4 REVISION 1. How many moles of silver atoms are in 0.780 grams of silver? a) 0.78 moles b) 0.00723 moles c) 84.2 moles d) 0.522 moles 2. What is the molar mass of Mg(BrO4)2? a) 312 g mol-1 b) 232 g mol-1 c) 168.2 g mol-1 d) 477 g mol-1 3. What mass of the compound FeWO4 contains 50.0 grams of tungsten (atomic symbol W‚ atomic number = 74)? a) 30.0 g FeWO4 b) 304 g FeWO4 c) 82.6 g FeWO4 d) 188 g FeWO4 d) FeSO4 4. A compound contains 20.2%
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reactions can join many amino acids together to form large chains called polypeptides (proteins). 5.Condensation reactions can join many monosaccharides together to form large molecules called polysaccharides (starch). 6.Condensation reactions can join glycerol molecules to fatty acids to form triglycerides. Hydrolysis * Hydrolysis is the reverse of dehydration synthesis. Here a molecule of water is added to break the bonds between the subunits and break the larger molecules down into their smaller
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messengers. 11. What are waxes and what is its function? Waxes are on leaves of plants to make them waterproof. 12. What are lipids composed of (structure)? Fats and oils; glycerol and 3 fatty acids. 13. What are the elements that lipids contain? Lipids contain carbon‚ hydrogen‚ and oxygen. 14. What process occurs when glycerol and 3 fatty acids combine to form 1 fat? Dehydration synthesis. 15. What are saturated fats? They generally come from animal fats. 16. Where do they come from? They come
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put a cross ( ) in the box that corresponds to the correct statement about lipids or triglycerides. (i) Triglycerides are composed of: (1) 3 glycerol molecules and 3 fatty acid molecules 1 glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acid molecules 1 glycerol molecule and 1 fatty acid molecule 3 glycerol molecules and 1 fatty acid molecule (ii) The bond between a glycerol molecule and
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