THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC MOLECULES I. MACROMOLECULES-large molecules that are composed of smaller molecules and atoms that are bonded together. These are among the largest of all chemical molecules. A. Polymers-the largest of the macromolecules. These are composed of numerous‚ small identical subunits known as Monomers. There are 4 major polymers that are important for living organisms. These polymers are; carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ proteins and nucleic acids. B. Polymers
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called polypeptides‚ and proteins are composed of one or more of them. e. Nucleic acids are composed of thousands linked monomers called nucleotides. 2) a. Triglycerides are made of three molecules of fatty acids joined to one molecule of the alcohol glycerol. b. The physical fit between the enzyme and its specific substrate is
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biodegradable plastic using cassava starch as its main component. Cassava starch was mixed with water‚ epoxydized soya bean oil (ESBO)‚ glycerol‚ and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The mixture was then compressed and tested. Three preparations were made from the mixture. The first preparation contained 50 grams starch‚ 50 grams water‚ 50 grams PVA‚ 2.5 grams ESBO‚ and 2.5 grams glycerol. The second preparation contained 65 grams starch‚ 65 grams water‚ 50 grams PVA‚ 2.5 grams ESBO‚ and 2.5 grams gycerol. The third
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Lipids Lipids don’t dissolve in water contains mostly C‚H‚O (lower ratio of oxygen than do carbohydrates Types: Triglycerides‚ Waxes‚ Phospholipids‚ Sterols Triglycerides: contain glycerol molecule with three fatty acids attached‚ glycerol forms backbone different triglycerides are formed by various fatty acids that attach. Types of triglycerides: Saturated Fat‚ Unsaturated Fat‚ Monounsaturated Fat‚ and Polyunsaturated Fat Saturated Fat: all carbons are saturated with hydrogens there
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with: covalent bonds Function: Energy Stucture Support Cell Wall Cell Membrane Marker Lipids organic molecule group including fats and phospholipids Structure: Subunits: Glycerol of fatty acids Glycerol and fatty acids plus: Insoluble in water Do not form large polymers (2 or 3 fatty acids with glycerol) Examples: diglyceride and triglyceride Function: energy storage insulation Part of cell membrane (phospholipids) hormones Proteins group of organic molecules that provides
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Chapter 3 Molecules of Life I. Carbon 1. 6 electrons- (4 valence) has the ability to bond with 4 other elements 2. Hydrocarbons- (contains only C & H) 3. Asymmetric carbon- attached to 4 different atoms or groups of atoms II. Isomers - Compounds having the same molecular formula but different structure and properties 1. Structural- differ in covalent arrangement of their atoms and may differ in location of double bonds 2. Geometric- same structure different arrangement 3. Enantiomer/stereoisomer
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BACKROUND INFORMATION Organic chemistry is the study of hydrocarbons and their various deviations. (Ex. natural gas‚ paper‚ proteins‚ carbohydrates) Saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons with carbon-carbon single bonds. (Ex. C-C) Unsaturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons with one of more multiple carbon-carbon bonds. (Ex. C=C double bond‚ triple bond‚ or both) Stereoisomers have the same molecular and structural formulas but different orientations of atoms in space. Constitutional isomers
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determine the polarity of the unknown solute. In this lab‚ we observed the effects of adding polar liquid solutes to non-polar liquid solvents. Materials used: Safety goggles 3 graduated cylinders ethanol‚C2H5OH solid iodine‚ I2 glycerol‚ C3H5(OH)3 water 10 rubber stoppers 10 test tubes kerosene ammonium chloride‚NH4CL an unknown solute The polarity of a solute or solvent which is present in covalent molecules illustrates which part of the molecule is
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EXPERIMENT NO. 5 LIPIDS Sheena Grace Abainza (12-8116) Agatha Abella (12-8046) Danielle Quigao (12-8051) Jessa Mae Ramos (12-8049) February 15‚ 2013 CHEM42 (Biochemistry) Laboratory ABSTRACT This experiment was performed to enlighten the researcher about the different properties and characteristics of lipids including its solubility and its complexity with regards to its components. The test for solubility tagged along the aphorism “like dissolves
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very small pieces‚ they will then be combined with different chemicals such as polyvinyl alcohol‚ sodium hydroxide in aqueous solution‚ glue‚ and glycerol to produce biodegradable plastics. Three samples of plastics will be made with different amounts of talahib ‚ as shown in the table below. Sample Talahib Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) (mL) Glycerol (mL) Glue (mL) Distilled Water A 10 10 5 10 100 B 20 10 5 10 100 C 30 10 5 10 100 D. Bibliography: http://www
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