al Chain Reactions: Bromination of Arenes Introduction The purpose of the bromination of arenes was to determine the different reactivities of different hydrocarbons with different hydrogen atoms when reacted with bromine under free-radical substitution. The time it took for the bromine color to disappear was used to determine the order of reactivity of the different hydrocarbons. Data and Results The data of the 10 hydrocarbon tubes and the 2 control tubes with bromine and dichloromethane in
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three-dimensional placement of the molecule’s attachments‚ which renders its mirror images to be non-superimposable. The presence of optical isomerism within a molecule is determined by the existence of a chiral centre—a carbon atom with four different groups (see Appendix‚ figure 1). Pure optical isomers have identical physical properties such as melting point‚ boiling point and density‚ as well as identical chemical properties; thus there are only two ways that they can be distinguished: their interaction
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AP English 3 9 December 2013 The Human Cost of an Illiterate Society Comprehension 1. Illiteracy is a danger to the democratic society because the number of eligible voters that are illiterate is by far enough to sway a vote. This could lead to the electing a president that is not as politically fit as another candidate. 2. Kozol states that‚ “The answers to these questions represent a reasonable test of our belief in the democracy to which we have been asked in a public school to swear allegiance
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topic: Advantages and disadvantages of functional structure. These days‚ most large manufacturing organizations have a functional structure. The functional structure describes an organizational structure in which the division of work is paramount. Jobs and activities are grouped together. The structure may be divided is various ways‚ including (among others) production‚ finance‚ marketing‚ sales‚ and personnel or human resources departments. The functional structure has both advantages and disadvantages
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Conformational stereoisomer of butane Butane‚ C4H10 is an alkane with four carbon atoms which are bonded to each other by single bonds. Butane can form two isomers which are n-butane and isobutane. Figure1.1(a) and 1.1(b) shows the structures of n-butane and isobutane. Alkanes usually show conformational isomerism due the presence of C-C single bonds. It is important to understand that conformational isomer can only occur in compound with single bond but not double or triple bond. This is because
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Mohamad Diab Reaction Of Alcohols Purpose: The following experiment will study the chemical reactions of a selection of alcohols to determine the effect of the position of the OH functional group in the molecule. Hypothesis: Suppose that the primary and secondary alcohols will react with HCL and KmnO4‚ and the tertiary alcohol wont react with either HCL nor KMnO4 due to the location of the OH. The carbon that is bonded to the OH in both primary and secondary still has one or two Hydrogen
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which carbons there are substituents) 3. Use these numbers to designate the location of the substituent groups. Substituent alkyl groups are referred to with suffix “-yl”. (i.e.‚ an alkane substituent is an alkyl) 4. If an alkyl group appears more than once‚ use the prefixes di‚ tri‚ tetra‚ penta‚ hexa (2‚ 3‚ 4‚ 5‚ 6‚ respectively) for each type of alkyl group. 5. List the groups alphabetically (note: you can ignore this rule in Chem 123) 6. Numbers are separated from letters by
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electrons. You can identify an amine by its functional group. In every amine‚ there is an amino (NH2) attached to a hydrocarbon chain. You can recognize the amino in an amine’s structural formula: R-NH2‚ where “R” is the hydrocarbon chain and “NH2” is the amino (containing one nitrogen molecule and two hydrogen molecules). There are two ways to name an amine. The common name and the IUPAC name are used. When using the common name‚ you just name the group attached to the nitrogen atom and then add
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Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life Lecture Outline Overview: Carbon – The Backbone of Biological Molecules * Although cells are 70–95% water‚ the rest consists mostly of carbon-based compounds. * Carbon is unparalleled in its ability to form large‚ complex‚ and diverse molecules. * Carbon accounts for the diversity of biological molecules and has made possible the great diversity of living things. * Proteins‚ DNA‚ carbohydrates‚ and other molecules that
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Preliminary Test and Solubility Classification of Organic Compound Keene Louise Topacio‚ Christopher Jay Robidillo Abstract The experiment focuses on how to classify organic compounds by its functional groups. It is done by preliminary test and with the solubility test. Preliminary test used two known compounds also the unknowns. Physical state‚ color‚ odor‚ and ignition test were noted. The known compounds are inorganic and organic compounds. A comparison is made from the observation in the unknown
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