FORMULA Financial Environment: Quoted rate k = k* + IP + [DRP+LP+MRP] Risk & Return: Expected Return kˆ = P1k1 + P2k2………Pnkn Standard Deviation: The Coefficient of Variation (CV): CV = σ/kˆ The Expected Return on a Portfolio: kˆp = w1kˆ1+ w2kˆ2+……….+ wnkˆ n Portfolio Beta: bp = w1b1+w2b2 …….+wnbn Security market Line = SML = k = krf + (km-krf)b k = krf + (RPm)b Security Valuation: Current yield = annual interest payment market price of bonds
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Brahe collected a huge amount of data giving precise measurements of the position of planets. Johannes Kepler‚ after a detailed analysis of the measurements announced three laws in 1619. 1. The orbit of each planet is an ellipse which has the Sun at one of its foci. 2. Each planet moves in such a way that the (imaginary) line joining it to the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times. 3. The squares of the periods of revolution of the planets about the Sun are proportional to the cubes of their
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The F1 Constructor Case Study The 4th period : the return of Ferrari Anayse of the value chain of the dominant player Primary activities: OPERATIONS: 1986: Creation of a design and development facility near Guildford in Surrey which was developed into Guildford technical office (GTO) which made Ferrari be able to imitate the British constructors. Competitive advantage: anticipation and vision on a long term basis: GTO would concentrate on the design of the following year’s car 1996
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Formula Sheet for the Corporate Finance Final Examination Paper 1. r = cost of capital t = year 2. Pure Play approach bL = bU[1 + (1 – T)(D/E)] bL = levered beta bU = unlevered beta T = tax rate D/E = debt to equity ratio 3. Firm value Rs = Cost of equity G = cash flow growth rate 4. rRF = the risk-free interest rate RPM = the expected market risk premium on an average stock = rM – rRF rM = the expected return on the market portfolio
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Metering Formula 1. Meter Multiplier Meter Multiplier - the multiplier applied to the register reading to obtain kilowatt-hours. M = Kh X Rr X Rs X CTR X VTR 10‚000 Where ; Kh = watt-hour constant of the meter in watt-hour per revolution Rr = register ratio = the number of revolutions of the register worm wheel for a revolution of the first dial pointer (right hand). Rs = gear ratio = the number of revolution of the disk for one revolution of the first point CTR = current transformer
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Problem: Reference : Kasavana Brooks‚ 5th Edition‚ Pg. 351 Hubbart Formula Approach‚ Room Pricing The Casa Vana Inn‚ a 200 room property‚ is projected to cost $9‚900‚000 inclusive of land‚ building‚ equipment‚ and furniture. An additional $100‚000 is needed for working capital‚ bringing the total cost of construction and opening to $10‚000‚000. The hotel is financed with a loan of $7‚500‚000 at 12% annual interest and cash of $2‚500‚000 provided by the owners. The owners desire a 15% annual return
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Assets = Liabilities + Shareholders’ equity Revenues – Expenses = Income Cash flow from assets = Cash flow to bondholders + Cash flow to shareholders Current ratio = Current assets/Current liabilities Quick ratio = Current assets – Inventory Current liabilities [2.1] [2.2] [2.3] [3.1] [3.2] [3.3] [3.4] [3.5] [3.6] Cash ratio = Cash/Current liabilities Net working capital to total assets = Net working capital/Total assets Interval measure = Current assets/Average daily operating costs Total
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iodide has been converted to iodine (1) (with correct use and spelling of iodide and iodine) The 1st experiment shows that bromine is more reactive than iodine (1) The 2nd experiment shows that chlorine is more reactive than bromine (1) Accept 1 mark for 2nd and 3rd marking points if the correct reactivity order of chlorine > bromine > iodine has been stated. 3 (ii) Br2 + 2I– 2Br– + I2 (1) 1 [4] 3. add AgNO3/Ag+
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Formulas (to differential equations) Math. A3‚ Midterm Test I. sin2 x + cos2 x = 1 sin(x ± y) = sin x cos y ± cos x sin y tan(x ± y) = tan x±tan y 1∓tan x·tan y differentiation rules: (cu) = cu ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ (c is constant) cos(x ± y) = cos x cos y ∓ sin x sin y (u + v) = u + v (uv)′ = u′ v + uv ′ ′ ′ u ′ = u v−uv v v2 df dg d dx f (g(x)) = dg dx sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x tan 2x = sin x = 2 cos 2x = cos2 x − sin2 x 2 tan x 1−tan2 x 1−cos 2x ‚ 2 integration rules: cos x = 2
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DERIVATION OF FORMULAS constant acceleration In order to be accurate‚ the title of this section should be "One Dimensional Equations of Motion for Constant Acceleration". Given that such a title would be a stylistic nightmare‚ let me begin this section with the following qualification. The equations of motion are valid only when acceleration is constant and motion is constrained to a straight line. Given that we live in a three dimensional universe in which the only constant is change‚ you may
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