substantially lower than the market clearing price‚ may reduce domestic supply and lead to an increase in imports. On the other hand‚ subsidies to domestic producers may enable them to offer internationally competitive prices‚ reducing imports or raising exports. Subsidies may also lead to perverse or unintended economic effects. They would result in inefficient resource allocation if imposed on a competitive market or where market imperfections do not justify a subsidy‚ by diverting economic resources away
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1. Note on Indian Textiles and Clothing exports (Updated on 28.08.2012) Introduction India’s textiles and clothing industry is one of the mainstays of the national economy. It is also one of the largest contributing sectors of India’s exports worldwide. The report of the Working Group constituted by the Planning Commission on boosting India’s manufacturing exports during 12th Five Year Plan (2012-17)‚ envisages India’s exports of Textiles and Clothing at USD 64.41 billion by the end of March
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process which began in the early 1990s. Our major exports now includes manufacturing goods such as Engineering Goods‚ Petroleum Products‚ Chemicals & Related Products‚ Gems & Jewellery‚ Textiles‚ Electronic Goods‚ etc. which constitute over 80 per cent of our export basket. On the other hand‚ major import items constitute capital goods and intermediates which not only support the manufacturing sector but also supply raw-materials for the export oriented units. Over the years‚ India ’s trade
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in one country to other countries. There are two types of exporting: direct and indirect. Direct exports Direct exports represent the most basic mode of exporting made by a (holding) company‚ capitalizing on economies of scale in production concentrated in the home country and affording better control over distribution. Direct export works the best if the volumes are small. Large volumes of export may trigger protectionism. Types Sales representatives Sales representatives represent foreign
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Studies Structural factors associated with the export performance of manufacturing firms Edward E. Marandu University of Botswana ABSTRACT This study investigates whether the structures of High performance Exporter firms differ from those of Low performance Exporter firms. Data were obtained from a survey of managers of 60 firms in Tanzania‚ an underdeveloped country. The study produces interesting contributions to our understanding of export causal relationships. The findings are both at variance
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dealing in trade. The situation calls for expertise in the field of foreign operations. The bank‚ which provides such operation‚ is referred to as rending international banking operation. Mainly transactions with overseas countries in respect of import‚ export and foreign remittance come under the preview of foreign exchange department. International trade demands a flow of goods from seller to buyer and of payment from buyer to seller. In this case the bank plays a vital role to bridge between the buyer
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indicates a systematic record of all export incomes and import payments of a country during any year. Any import from abroad has to be paid for. On the other hand‚ any export will bring money flow into the country. If we subtract the total value of the imported commodities from the total value of the exported commodities of a country‚ what we obtain is called the ‘Balance of Trade’ of the country. If the difference is positive‚ i.e. if the value of commodity exports exceeds the value of commodity imports
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of nominal exchange rate can make the real exchange rate Increase‚ which will stimulate export and restrict import. It means that the trade balance will be improved. When the rate rises‚ the price of export is cheaper by counting in foreign currency‚ and the price of import in domestic currency increases‚ which is called the price effect. The decrease of exchange rate makes the price of export cheaper‚ the export volume increase‚ while the import volume limit. This phenomenon is known as the volume
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billion and a 23% decrease in 2009 which up to $2‚616 billion. From the data obtained above‚ merchandise exports in 2011 total is $1‚480 billion‚ while imports had reached $2‚208 billion. The U.S merchandise trade deficit fell massively from $816 billion in 2008 to $504 billion in 2009 but then it increased to $635 billion in 2010 and $717 billion in 2011. Besides that‚ U.S merchandise exports decreased in 2001 and 2002 in response to the global slowdown‚ but after that‚ it generally increased each
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data shows the imports and exports of goods and how a country competes in a global marketplace. Balance of trade numbers can run a trade deficit‚ showing that a country imported more than it exported‚ or they can reflect a trade surplus‚ exporting more than was imported in a specific time period. Imports and exports can include physical goods and intangible services. Luxembourg‚ which is a popular banking destination‚ has one of the highest per capita service exports because its banking system
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