can be oxidised to aldehyde‚ ketone or carboxylic acid. The product formed depends on the class of alcohol used. Various oxidising agents such as KMnO₄‚ Na₂Cr₂O₇ and H₂CrO₄ can be used. The reaction between alcohols and carboxylic acids will produce esters. Apparatus: Stopper‚ dropper‚ test tube‚ stopwatch‚ water bath‚ measuring cylinder (10ml) Chemical Reagents: Ethanol‚ n-Butanol‚ 2-Butanol‚ Alcohol X‚ Lucas reagent‚ 2-methyl-2-propanol‚ Concentrated H₂SO₄‚ 0.04 M Na₂Cr₂O₇‚ Glacial acetic acid
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only relatively few plants and animals produce fats and oils in sufficient quantity. The most important oil‚ therefore‚ are those that can be readily attained in commercial quantities from available raw materials. Organic oils are triglycerides or esters of fatty acids. They are chemical combinations of one molecule of glycerol with three molecules of fatty acids. When processed with caustic alkalis‚ they form soaps that are salts of fatty acids and glycerol‚ which is tryhydric alcohol. Yellow bell
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Quiz #1 Attempt 1 Written: Jul 7‚ 2012 9:48 AM - Jul 7‚ 2012 9:50 AM Submission View Your quiz has been submitted successfully. Question 1 1 / 1 point At what time do you have to complete your online prelab assignment to be allowed to participate in the lab? Question options: A week before the lab Day before the lab at 10 pm The morning of lab day at 8 am One hour before the lab Question 2 1 / 1 point Which materials/chemicals belong in the desiccator? Question options: Drying
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CHARACTERISTIC INFRARED FREQUENCIES (bend) Aromatic (stretch) (out-of-plane bend) Alkyne Aldehyde C=C C C C=O (stretch) Alkene (stretch) Aromatic (stretch) Alkyne (stretch) Aldehyde (stretch) Ketone (acyclic) Carboxylic Acid Ester Amide Anhydride Alcohols‚ ethers‚ esters carboxylic acids Alcohols‚ phenols Free H-bonded Carboxylic acids Primary and secondary amines Nitriles Nitro C-O O-H NH C N N=O 3650-3600 3400-3200 3300-2500 ca. 3500 2260-2240 1600-1500 and 1400-1300 m m m m m s
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ACYL COMPOUNDS: SOAPS AND DETERGENTS Experiment # 8 I. Objectives To observe the general properties of carboxylic acids. To compare the acidity of carboxylic acids and phenols. To verify experimentally the interconversion among acyl compounds. To become familiar with the physical and chemical properties of fats and oils and to understand the chemical basis of these properties. To learn how to prepare soap. To compare the properties of soap and synthetic detergents. II. Data and
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Simple Distillation‚ Gas Chromatography: Preparation of Synthetic Banana Oil Introduction This experiment gave us the opportunity to work with a variety of new procedures as well as practice procedures that are new to us within the past few weeks of labs. Within the context of the scenario‚ we find that a distilling company that markets a popular banana liqueur is having problems. The banana plantation that they use to create their banana extract was hit hard by a hurricane and their reserves
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Esterification and Hydrolysis: Methyl Benzoate by Fisher Esterification Nitration of Methyl Benzoate Jingling Li 2/16/2014 Purpose of the experiment: To understand the mechanisms for Fisher esterification reactions as an equilibrium process and hydrolysis is the reversal reaction of esterification. Nitrate methyl benzoate by an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. Summary of procedures: Add sulfuric acid to the mixture of benzoic and methanol‚ heat up the mixture to 65 oC
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April 04‚ 2014 Fisher Esterification Introduction: Esters are one of the most common derivatives of carboxylic acids and are widely distributed in both nature and industry. A Fischer Esterification is the formation of an ester and water from alcohol and an acid. It is the simplest means of synthesizing an ester and requires the reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. The general reaction of Fischer esterification is‚ CH3CO2H + ROH ↔ CH3CO2R + H2O (reaction1) CH3COOH + ROH ↔
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Date: April 23‚ 2012 Subject: Preparation of Synthetic Banana oil Summary: Banana Oil is a major flavoring in many different mixtures from candles to different types of food. The major organic chemical that is banana oil is ester‚ which is what gives it its strong odor. In this scenario‚ the banana oil supply is running low for Cavendish Distilling Company. So they want to formulate a synthetic version of banana oil to replenish their supply. Problem: Will the synthetic version of banana oil
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flavoring in the events that banana tree crops are damage or in limited supply. It is very important that the artificial banana flavoring be synthesized in such way that the product has a high level of purity. Fisher esterification is a process whereby an ester is prepared‚ and involves heating a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst‚ which is used to expedite the reaction. In this experiment the process was used to synthesis isopentyl alcohol‚ which was the limiting reagent
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