com for questions or additional permissions. ENRON CORPORATION’S WEATHER DERIVATIVES (A) Everybody talks about the weather‚ but nobody does anything about it.1 In October 2000‚ Mary Watts‚ the chief financial officer of Pacific Northwest Electric (PNW)‚ a utility servicing the Pacific Northwest region of the United States‚ reviewed the financial plan for PNW’s 2000–01 forthcoming winter season. Winter temperatures affected the firm’s revenues: the colder the season‚ the greater the electricity
Premium Weather Risk Climate
whether these expenses have been paid in cash or not in that year. The same holds true for revenues‚ i.e.‚ revenues earned in a specific accounting period are construed as incomes of the same period‚ irrespective of their receipts. This concept is also known as the accrual theory of accounting or accrual accounting. This concept applies equally to revenues and expenses. In the accrual basis of accounting Revenue is recognized when it is realized‚ that is‚ when the sale is complete or not. Similarly
Premium Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Income statement Balance sheet
Enron and How it Affected the Accounting Industry Enron once was one the United States largest energy company and was ranked Fortune’s seventh richest corporation in the United States. When Enron had a filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2001 it unraveled to be one the biggest accounting scandals in United States history. There are many factors that contributed to Enron’s demise but their aggressive and unethical accounting practices were the key component. As a result‚ the accounting industry
Premium Enron
Enron Case Study XXXXX XXXXXXXXX State College Enron Case Study Enron was a corporation founded in 1985‚ when a merger combined Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth (Thomas‚ 2002). Throughout the first five years of Enron’s existence‚ they had many struggles. According to Salter (2005)‚ the first years had many “near death” experiences. Eventually Enron was able to prevail over their many “near death” experiences. In 1989‚ “Enron locked in its first fixed price contract to supply natural
Premium Financial ratio Enron scandal Balance sheet
wife and children‚ was a company created in 1998 by Enron ’s CFO‚ Andrew Fastow‚ to buy Enron ’s poorly performing stocks and stakes and bolster Enron ’s financial statements. Fastow proposed in October 1999 to Enron ’s finance Board the creation of LJM2 Co-Investment L.P. Fastow would act as general director of a much larger private equity fund that would be funded with $200 million of institutional funds. The question of Fastow’s dual role as Enron ’s CFO and LJM2 ’s general director was not viewed
Premium Enron Enron scandal
company’s revenue. This paper explains the fraud occurred in recognizing the revenue and how it overstated the financial statements and increased the stock price. It also explains the fraud theory applied to the revenue recognition and the auditor’s failure in discovering the fraud and reports it to the SEC. This paper will provide methods that auditors should follow in auditing public companies and the best practices they should follow if the company changed the revenue recognition. Background
Premium Golf United States Middle Ages
Enron Case Study A company’s leadership and culture influences its business ethics. A company’s culture is known as the organizational culture. It is the actions and beliefs of individuals that work at the company. All the shared values and enforced policies contribute to organizational culture. “The leadership culture appears as an integral part of the organizational culture and it can have a positive or negative influence upon the latter.” (Popa‚ 2013‚ p. 179). The organizational culture
Premium Ethics Business ethics Management
collapse of Enron had substantial and far-reaching ramifications throughout the financial investment field‚ tax compliance professions and the accounting profession. Intense Congressional scrutiny resulted in a new era of transparency in financial reporting‚ stricter reporting standards as provided in Sarbanes-Oxley and substantial penalties for failure to comply with new financial reporting and tax compliance standards in the Internal Revenue Code (Bottiglieri et. al.‚ 2009) Enron Assignment
Premium Enron
Business Ethics Enron Case 1. Using the options market more for gambling purposes to cover loss rather than insurance. The culture was if one of their employees was making a lot of money they didn’t ask questions they didn’t look too deep into where the money was going they eventually gave these people more money to spend and use‚ what they realized later on was that that employee wasn’t very good. They were just lucky one time. They made some losses and had to get that loss back so they put
Premium Enron
Based in Houston‚ Texas an American energy‚ commodities‚ and services company named ENRON CORPORATION was Ranked number 7 on the fortune 500 list in 2000‚ it was one of the most famous and largest integrated natural gas and electricity companies in the world. The company went bankruptcy on December 2‚ 2001. But before that it marketed natural gas liquids around the world and was working as one of the biggest natural gas transmission systems in the world‚ with transmissions over a massive area of
Premium Enron Enron scandal