weak. Both covalent and non-covalent bonds relate in a sense of stability as covalent bonds are most stable when its outmost electron shell filled‚ typically octet (or eight electrons)‚ and non-covalent bonds are stable when they have a strong electronegativity between two atoms. There are two types of covalent bonding: polar and non-polar. Polar covalent bonds occur when they have an asymmetrical distribution of electrons‚ whereas nonpolar bonds have a more symmetrical distribution. Polar compounds
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Bonding is when atoms “share” electrons in order for both of the outer shells are completed. Covalent Bonding is done by two or more nonmetals bonding with each other. Polar covalent bonds are done by more that one type of atom Electronegativity Electronegativity is the ability of an atom in a molecule to attract shared electrons to itself. It depends on the bond energy of the two different atoms. Bond Polarity and Dipole Movements Dipolar is when a molecule has opposite poles on either side
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After working through this Factsheet you will:• understand the format of the PeriodicTtable. • understand the term periodicity. • understand trends in melting point‚ boiling‚ electrical conductivity‚ ionisation energy‚ atomic radius and electronegativity across the third period. Modern periodic law states the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers. This means that their properties repeat regularly‚ so that elements in the same group tend to show similar chemical
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Interatomic Bonding Tutorial Suggested Solutions 1. |Substances |Type of bonding |Type of structure | |H2O |Covalent |Simple molecular | |SiCl4 |covalent |simple molecular | |RbCl |ionic |giant lattice/ionic | |Si |covalent
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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure 53 I. Structure of Matter (20%) B. Chemical bonding 1. Binding forces a. Types: ionic‚ covalent‚ metallic‚ hydrogen bonding‚ van der Waals (including London dispersion forces) c. Polarity of bonds‚ electronegativities 2. Molecular models a. Lewis structures TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDING Ionic Bonding - two atoms of opposite charge electrically attracted to one another Covalent Bonding - two atoms each sharing electrons within a molecular orbital Metallic Bonding
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Purpose: • To study some of the physical properties of two types of solids – ionic and molecular solids. • To classify three unknown substances as ionic compounds‚ polar covalent compounds or non-polar covalent compounds. • To identify the three unknowns. Observations: A B C Solubility in: • H2O • 2-Propanol Soluble Insoluble Soluble Insoluble Insoluble Soluble Conductivity None High None Melting Point 100 – 525 ℃ > 525 ℃ < 100 ℃ Odour Subtle None Very Strong Concluding
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bromine positioned at either the ortho‚ meta or para position on the aromatic ring. Acetic anhydride is very reactive towards nucleophiles and this reactivity is the result of the difference in electronegativities of the carbon and oxygen atoms that are bonded in acetic anhydride. This difference in electronegativities causes one of the carbonyl groups in acetic anhydride to break its carbon-oxygen double bond with the oxygen atom taking the pair of electrons from the pi bond and results in a negative charge
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that the reactivity level of Chlorine was the highest‚ Bromine was moderately lower than Chlorine‚ and Iodine had the lowest of them all. Simply‚ these results can be explained by the concept of electronegativity‚ which refers to the ability of a certain atom to attract electrons. Since electronegativity depends highly on an atom’s atomic radius in relation to the number of protons present in its nucleus‚ Chlorine was seen to have the highest reactivity because it had the smallest atomic radius in
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Unit 2 Review: Atomic Structure‚ Nuclear Chemistry‚ Quantum Theory‚ Periodic Table Basic Atomic Structure 1. Complete the following chart. 2. Atomic mass is a decimal. Why? 3. Define Isotope. 4. Positively charged ions are formed as atoms _______________(lose‚ gain) electrons. 5. Calculate the atomic mass of the following sample of Silicon. 92.21 % 28Si‚ 4.70% 29Si‚ and 3.09% 30Si. Answer to 2 decimal places‚ remember units. 6. When an atom gains two electrons‚ it becomes an ion
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Formula of oxide Na2O2 MgO Al2O3 SiO2 P4O10 Cl2O Melting Point (C) 460 2825 2072 1700 340 -120.6 Boiling Point (C) 657 3600 2977 2230 360 2.2 State at STP Solid Solid Solid Solid Solid Liquid Action of water Dissolve in water and form alkaline solution Slightly dissolve in water and form alkaline solution Insoluble in water Insoluble in water Dissolve in water and form acidic solution Dissolve in water and form acidic solution pH of aqueous solution
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