UNIVERSITY OF THE GAMBIA LECTURE NOTES COURSE: PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY II (ORGANIC CHEMISTRY) CODE: CHM 161 2ND SEMESTER SESSION: 2012/2013 LECTURER: ANTHONY F. ADJIVON UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION Organic chemistry started as the chemistry of life‚ when that was thought to be different from the chemistry in the laboratory. Then it became the chemistry of carbon compounds‚ especially those found in coal. Now it is both. It is the chemistry of the compounds of carbon along with other elements
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Part I Multiple choice or short answer questions 1) (2 points) Identify a solid a. Definite volume and no definite shape b. no definite volume and no definite shape c. definite volume and definite shape 2) (2 points) A substance composed of two or more elements in a fixed‚ definite proportion is a. A solution. b. A heterogeneous mixture. c. An alloy. d. A homogeneous mixture. e. A compound. 3) (2 points) Read the water
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Unit 1 – Introduction to the Cell Robert Hooke – built the first microscope (30x magnification); viewed slices of cork called cellula (little rooms). Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek - worked with glass huge improvement in quality of lenses nearly 300x magnification became possible first to observe: * single-celled organisms “animalcules” * protists from pond water * bacteria from his mouth – “father of microbiology” * blood cells * banded pattern in muscle cells * sperm from
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Corrosion From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation‚ search For the hazard‚ see corrosive. Materials failure modes | Buckling | Corrosion | Creep | Fatigue | Fouling | Fracture | Impact | Mechanical overload | Thermal shock | Wear | Yielding | This box: view · talk · edit | Corrosion is the disintegration of an engineered material into its constituent atoms due to chemical reactions with its surroundings. In the most common use of the word‚ this means
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The Grignard Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol Organic Chemistry Lab II March 19‚ 2012 Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to synthesize the Grignard reagent‚ phenyl magnesium bromide‚ and then use the manufactured Grignard reagent to synthesize the alcohol‚ triphenylmethanol‚ by reacting with benzophenone and protonation by H3O+. The triphenylmethanol was purified by recrystallization. The melting point‚ Infrared Spectroscopy‚ 13C NMR‚ and 1H NMR were used to characterize and confirm
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INVESTIGATION 12.A Target Skills Determining the reactivity of various metals Testing Relative Oxidizing and Reducing Strengths of Metal Atoms and Ions By observing whether reactions occur between solid metals and metal ions in solution‚ you can determine the order of oxidizing and reducing agents according to strength. Question How can the presence or absence of a reaction provide information about the relative strength of oxidizing and reducing agents? Safety Precautions
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bond is polarized. H H μ C + C-l δ δ H The C-X bond is polarized in such a way that there is partial positive charge on the carbon and partial negative charge on the halogen. Dipole moment‚ μ = 4.8 x δ x d δ = charge d = bond length. Electronegativities decrease in the order of: F > Cl > Br > I Carbon-halogen bond lengths increase in the order of: C-F < C-Cl < C-Br < C-I Bond Dipole Moments decrease in the order of: μ= C-Cl > 1.56D C-F > 1.51D C-Br > 1.48D C-I 1.29D Ch06 Alkyl Halides
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Gabriela Rios-Martinez March 1‚ 2014 BIO 141 Exam 1 Study Questions Chapter 1: Biology and the Tree of Life (#1 – 4) 1. What is the difference between a hypothesis and a scientific Theory? Between a hypothesis and a prediction? What kinds of hypotheses are useful for scientific investigations that try to explain the natural world‚ and which are not? Give one or more examples of hypotheses that are and are not scientifically useful. (a.) A scientific theory has two components; a pattern
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Solutions manual: Chapter 1 Getting started © Pearson Education Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) 2006. This page from the Chemistry Dimensions 1‚ Teacher’s Resource may be reproduced for classroom use. QUESTIONS 1 Research 2 Property Solid Liquid Gas Volume Fixed Fixed Variable Shape Fixed Variable Variable Forces between particles Yes Yes No Movement of particles Vibration and rotation Vibration‚ rotation and translation Random and chaotic
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Chapter 3 PERIODIC TABLE AND PERIODICITY OF PROPERTIES Q.1 What are the contributions of Dobereiner‚ Newland‚ Luthar Meyer and Mendeleef in the present shape of long form periodic table ? Dobereiner’s Triads : In 1829‚ a German scientist‚ John Dobereiner classified specific elements into groups in order of increasing atomic masses. Each group has three elements. He named these groups as triads.He noticed that the atomic mass of the middle elements was found to be approximately equal to the
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