Chromatographic Separation of Fluorene and Fluorenone Abstract: A mixture of Fluorene (1) and Fluorenone (2) was separated by column chromatography. Chemical Equation: Fluorene (1) Fluorenone (2) Mp 114C mp 83C MW 166.22 MW 180.21 Introduction: Column chromatography was invented by Tswett in 1906 so that his study of the chemistry of chlorophyll could be facilitated. Tswett made significant advances in the method and demonstrated its applicability to the separation
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conversion of fluorene to Fluorenone. In order to achieve the goal of the experiment fluorene was oxidized to Fluorenone. The hydroxide ions from the sodium hydroxide in the presence of Stark’s catalyst would be able to de-protonate the acidic fluorene protons. This would result in the formation of a carbanion which attacks the oxygen from the air resulting in the formation of a hydroperoxide and eventually a ketone (after removal of water). Since the goal was to have a mixture of 50% fluorene conversion
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other. If multiple spots were present for a compound‚ give Rf value for each component and state if the component was major or minor. | 100% hexane | 25% EtOAc in hexane | 10% EtOAc in hexane | Fluorene | 0.34 cm | 0.94 cm | 0.67 cm | 9 - fluorenol | 0.00 cm | 0.49 cm | 0.05 cm | 9 - fluorenone | 0.00 cm | 0.69 cm | 0.21 cm | 2. Explain how Rf values were generally affected by polarity of the solvent/eluent systems. As part of your answer‚ rank the solvent/eluent systems in order of decreasing
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HILAIRE BARNETT SEPERATION OF POWERS ‚ Introduction * The separation of powers is a doctrine which is fundamental to the organization of a state – and to the concept of constitutionalism – in so far as it prescribes the appropriate allocation of powers‚ and the limits of those powers‚ to differing institutions * Three essential bodies exist: the executive‚ the legislature and the judiciary * The essence of the doctrine is that there should be a clear demarcation of personnel and
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Composition and Seperations Lab Report : Lab # 2 T.A: Thushara Samarasinghe Chem 184 Spring 2013‚ Section : 315 Date: 2/6/13 Signature:……………………………… Introduction: When a kernel of popcorn is heated‚ pressure builds and‚ depending on the percent of water in the kernel‚ the kernel pops open and popcorn is produced. The percentage of water in each kernel differs between brands of popcorn. If the steam produced fails to pop the kernel‚ the kernel becomes hard and burns. The purpose
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Discussion: In this experiment a ketone‚ 9-fluorenone is reduced to and alcohol. The are two possible ways by which this reduction can occur. One is by a catalytic hydrogenation‚ this uses a catalyst such as palladium or nickel‚ hydrogen gas‚ and heat/pressure. This can reduced an alkane to alkene. This catalytic process is preferred in industrial practices because the cost is low in the long run and more importantly there is little to no waste expense. However‚ hydrogen gas is dangerous due to
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The northern regions tended to have more religious beliefs. The southern regions tended believe in a church and state separation. According to "The Articles of Agreement‚ Springfield‚ Massachusetts in 1636" (Doc D)‚ whoever entered Massachusetts had to comply with the certain articles and orders that shaped a community around God and the share of the land. The “Articles of Agreement‚ Springfield‚ Massachusetts‚ 1636’’ is valid document because it was basic laws. As a result of “The Articles of Agreement
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Karen S. Autrey EN 106 Gender Separation Nike had made great gains with highly successful advertising campaign that positioned the corporation as the champion of girls’ and women’s rights inside and outside of sports. One influential TV spot included images of athletically active girls and women‚ with the voice-over saying things like‚ “If you let me play‚ I’ll be less likely to drop out of school.” (Dworkin and Messner 556) In the above example‚ Nike is showing support to women athletes
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Separation of cream from full cream milk using the Disc- Bowl Centrifuge. Introduction:- Cream is usually a dairy product containing high fat percent‚ which can be seen floating on the top before the homogenization process. When the milk is unhomogenized‚ overtime‚ the fat lighter in weight rises to the top. The process in the industries is completely different as they use centrifuges‚ normally called as separators to accelerate the creaming process. Cost of cream totally depends upon its
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Separation of a Mixture Introduction: Mixtures are not unique to chemistry; you use and consume them on a daily basis. The beverages you drink each morning‚ the fuel you use in your automobile‚ and the ground you walk on are mixtures. Very few materials that you encounter are pure. Any material made up of two or more substances that are not chemically combined is a mixture. The isolation of pure components of a mixture requires the separation of one component from another. Techniques
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