THEORETICAL 2.1 Meaning of gerund According to Drs. Hariyono Rudy is a word that is used or functioning as a noun. Or it can also be said that the gerund is a verb that make to be a noun (verbal noun). According to Drs. John S. Hartono and friend gerund is a verb-ing form used as a noun. According to A. Ghani Johan is a form of the verb + ing that serves as an object‚ usually describe the process. Therefore gerund functions can occupy the subject‚ object‚ complement or description. Example:
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DIFFICULT VERBS VERB Sew PAST Sewed PAST PARTICIPLE Sewn MEANING to use a needle and thread to make or repair clothes or to fasten something such as a button to them. to get rid of something that you no longer need or want. to kill someone - used especially in newspapers. to move smoothly over a surface while continuing to touch it‚ or to make something move in this way. to throw or put something somewhere with a careless movement and some force. to have a strong and very unpleasant smell. to damage
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Regular Verbs and Irregular Verbs English verbs are tricky. Even the regular verbs are not always so regular‚ but what makes a verb regular exactly? Regular verbs can be written in the past tense by adding either -d or -ed to the base verb form (jump‚ jumped). Irregular verbs‚ however‚ have different spellings to change a verb to the past tense. Sometimes the change is as simple as one letter (know‚ knew)‚ and other times the change is more complicated (go‚ went). Most irregular verb forms come
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Stative Verb & Action Verb All verbs in English are classified as either stative or action verbs (also referred to as ’dynamic verbs’). Action verbs describe actions we take (things we do) or things that happen. Stative verbs refer to the way things ’are’ - their appearance‚ state of being‚ smell‚ etc. The most important difference between stative and action verbs is that action verbs can be used in continuous tenses and stative verbs can not be used in continuous tenses. Action Verbs She’s studying
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Modes of verb Mode is the manner in which the action‚ the being‚ or the state is asserted. Mode does not show the manner of the action or state‚ but the manner of its assertion. The action or state may be asserted: • as something that may‚ can‚ or must take place. • as something imagined or supposed which is placed under a condition. • as something desired. In written English‚ the mode or manner of the action or state is expressed by means of limiting words. For example The soldier fought
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Modal verbs A modal verb is a verb‚ for example ‘can’‚ ‘might’‚ or ‘must’ that is used before another verb to show that something is possible‚ necessary‚ etc. Here are some of the uses and meanings of modal verbs. For a more detailed description‚ use a good grammar book. Here are the main modal verbs of English: can could may might must ought shall will would Expressing degrees of certainty In the speaker’s opinion‚ John has the car: The car’s not here – John must have taken it. The speaker
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Examples: cowboy‚ theatre‚ box‚ thought‚ tree‚ kindness‚ arrival Verb A verb is a word which describes an action (doing something) or a state (being something). Examples: walk‚ talk‚ think‚ believe‚ live‚ like‚ want Adjective An adjective is a word that describes a noun. It tells you something about the noun. Examples: big‚ yellow‚ thin‚ amazing‚ beautiful‚ quick‚ important Adverb An adverb is a word which usually describes a verb. It tells you how something is done. It may also tell you when
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SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT 1.When a singular and plural subject are connected by either/or or neither/nor‚ put the plural subject last and use a plural verb. Example: Neither Jenny nor the others are available. 2.Sometimes the subject is separated from the verb by words such as along with‚ as well as‚ besides‚ or not. Ignore these expressions when determining whether to use a singular or plural verb. Examples: The politician‚ along with the newsmen‚ is expected shortly. Excitement‚ as well
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Communication is the exchange of thoughts‚ messages‚ or information‚ as by speech‚ signals‚ writing‚ or behaviour. Derived from the Latin word "communis"‚ meaning to share. Communication requires a sender‚ a message‚ and a recipient‚ although the receiver need not be present or aware of the sender’s intent to communicate at the time of communication; thus communication can occur across vast distances in time and space. Communication requires that the communicating parties share an area of communicative
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Phrasal Verbs QuizPhrasal Verbs ListPhrasal verbs are usually two-word phrases consisting of verb + adverb or verb + preposition. Think of them as you would any other English vocabulary. Study them as you come across them‚ rather than trying to memorize many at once. Use the list below as a reference guide when you find an expression that you don’t recognize. The examples will help you understand the meanings. If you think of each phrasal verb as a separate verb with a specific meaning‚ you will
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