Liquidated Damages v. Penalty Are Causation and Loss Really Required?‚ Pooja Sharma* In a contract‚ the parties may name a sum to be payable in the event of breach. If such sum is a genuine pre estimate of loss it is termed liquidated damages‚ and if it bears no reflection on the loss suffered‚ it is termed a penalty. Courts are reluctant to enforce penalty clauses and in such cases the sum stipulated is normally reduced. It has been perceptively observed by Fansworth that in comparison to the
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Cause and Correlation Vergia Wallace PSY/285 March 8‚ 2013 Dr. Elizabeth Brook Morford The difference between causation and correlation is extremely significant in systematic thought. These two notions get confused with one another whether it is a misinterpretation or having the aspiration to provide a reasonable description for scientific observations. As a result it is critical to have the understanding of the difference between the two concepts. In this writing I will compare and contrast
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strong nonlinear pattern. III. The residual plot of the variables x and y shows a random pattern. (a) I only (b) II only (c) III only (d) I and II (e) I‚ II‚ and III 2. What is the purpose of residual plots? (a) To determine causation. (b) To assess the type of relationship that exists between x and y. (c) To check the appropriateness and fit of the regression equation for the data. (d) To measure the variability in the residuals. (e) To provide predictions for the
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Video games have become an integrated part of society both in the older and younger generations. As more and more complex games are made and introduced into the community‚ increased amounts of violence are put into these games to draw in more consumers. Many studies have reported that because of the violence in these games‚ younger children and teens have become more violent not only toward family‚ but also toward government and public property. If this continues on the track that has been established
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MGT 2530 Professor Levi THE CORRELATION-CAUSATION ISSUE: AN OVERVIEW Many findings in organizational behavior and personnel are based on correlational research‚ in which variables are measured and the statistical association between them is assessed. A statistically significant correlation between two variables indicates that the variables are associated‚ and that this association is unlikely to have arisen by chance. For example‚ a significant positive correlation between stress and absenteeism
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What is Correlational Research? The correlation research method is appropriate when researchers want to study and “assess relationships among naturally occurring variables.” Assessment means making predictions about the nature of the relationships being studied. It also means describing the relations and assigning them a “correlation coefficient” that describes the direction and magnitude of the movement of variables to one another. There are many types of correlational research. The commonality
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Exam 1 Essays Directions: choose 2 to answer and turn them in on Friday 2/28/14. Please answer in essay format. A. Have you‚ or anyone you know‚ ever been abducted by aliens? According to one report‚ approximately 4 million Americans have reported being abducted by aliens (Blackmore‚ 1998). Are these claims credible? Should we all be on the lookout for flying saucers landing in our backyards? Although some people fully believe all these reports‚ and others reject them completely‚ psychologists—as
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keep the following pitfalls in mind: (1) The Post Hoc Fallacy: This is a common error made in thinking about causation between two variables. If Event A happens before Event B‚ it is not necessarily true that A caused B. The post hoc fallacy is the incorrect belief that because event B occurs after event A then A caused B. This is closely related to correlation and causation. Correlation refers to things happening together. Just because two variables move closely together doesn’t mean
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on the issues of over-weight adults in the U.S. This issue specifically on the psychological problem weight could have on a person. I found the statement not to be sound enough to be warrented. The premise follows The “Correlation does not equal Causation” fallacy. The lack of factual information doesn’t show proof for the claim 3. Losing weight is tough. You don’t have to do it alone. Let Metabical and your health care provider start you on the road to a healthy weight and better life. Look
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Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics‚ 42‚3(August 2010):477–485 Ó 2010 Southern Agricultural Economics Association The Impact of the Oil Sector on Commodity Prices: Correlation or Causation? Sayed H. Saghaian The interconnections of agriculture and energy markets have increased through the rise in the new biofuel agribusinesses and the oil–ethanol–corn linkages. The question is whether these linkages have a causal structure by which oil prices affect commodity prices and through
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