Theory of Capital Structure - A Review Stein Frydenberg£ April 29‚ 2004 ABSTRACT This paper is a review of the central theoretical literature. The most important arguments for what could determine capital structure is the pecking order theory and the static trade off theory. These two theories are reviewed‚ but neither of them provides a complete description of the situation and why some firms prefer equity and others debt under different circumstances. The paper is ended by a summary where the
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Theories of Capital Structure 1. Companies U & L are identical in all respect except that U is unlevered while L is levered. Company L has Rs. 20 Lacs of 8% debentures outstanding. Assume a. All MM assumptions are met b. Tax rate is 35% c. EBIT is Rs. 6 Lacs d. Equity capitalization rate of company U is 10% Find the following: a. Value of each firm according to MM approach b. Suppose Value of U is Rs. 25 Lacs and Value of L Rs. 35 Lacs. According to MM approach‚ do they
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Chapter 12 Capital Structure and Leverage LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter‚ students should be able to: • Explain why capital structure policy involves a trade-off between risk and return‚ and list the four primary factors that influence capital structure decisions. • Distinguish between a firm’s business risk and its financial risk. • Explain how operating leverage contributes to a firm’s business risk and conduct a breakeven analysis‚ complete with
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OPTIMAL CAPITAL STRUCTURE The optimal capital structure for a company should be the mix of equity‚ debt and hybrid instruments that minimizes the overall cost of funding‚ i.e. it should minimize the company’s weighted average cost of capital. In practice‚ however‚ it is not possible to specify this optimal capital structure exactly‚ for any individual company. It clearly makes sense to obtain funds at the lowest possible cost. In the long run‚ debt is cheaper than equity. However‚ when a company’s
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decisions‚ the optimization of capital structure has a great influence on the performance of the companies‚ for a reasonable capital structure can decrease the financing cost‚ take advantage of the financial leverage and play an important role in corporation governance. Given the importance of capital structure‚ this essay will firstly discuss the ways that capital structure affects corporation value‚ then it will introduce the influencing factors of capital structure and how to effectively manage
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Ch 4: Return on Invested Capital 1. Drivers of Return on Invested Capital ROIC = (1-Tax Rate)*((Price per Unit-Cost per Unit)/Invested Capital per Unit) A company with a competitive advantage will have a higher ROIC because it either can charge a premium price or can produce at a more efficient cost. The structure-conduct-performance (SCP) framework is the strategy model that underlies our thinking about what drives competitive advantage and ROIC. The structure of an industry influences the
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Capital Structure Policy In the normal course of business‚ Columbia Sportswear’s financial position and results operations are subject to a variety of market risks. Those market risks include interest movements on borrowing and investment activities. As well as the volatility of currency exchange rate movement. The business is also affected by the general seasonal trends due to the nature of outdoor industry. In 2011‚ approximately 65% of the net sale and all of their profitability were realized
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Market Structure Maximize Profits The goal of a firm is to maximize profits‚ to get as much for the firm as possible. In the perfect competition‚ each firm maximizes profits where marginal revenue (MR) equals marginal cost (MC). That is‚ the additional revenue from producing additional quantity equals the additional cost incurred in producing that quantity. At an output where MR is greater than MC‚ increasing production increases profits. If MR is less than MC‚ decreasing production increases
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The electronic private automatic branch exchange (EPABX) is equipment that has made day-to-day working in the offices much simpler‚ especially in the area of communication. The EPABX may be defined as a switching system that makes available both internal and external stitching functions of any organisation. The selection of an EPBAX is a difficult task and requires deep knowledge of traffic pattern of the office. By using an EPABX both the internal and external needs of the organisation are
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the organization. The results of a working capital analysis will assist in the determination of organization¡¦s ability to remain in a particular line of business. The primary focus of Team C¡¦s analysis of Wal-Mart‚ Inc is its current and future financial condition. The most imperative areas that are found in the Capital Structure Analysis Report fall into the following categories: Working Capital Management‚ Valuation and Investment‚ and Cost of Capital. The company¡¦s operational processes within
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