ALI SIGNIFICANCE DURING THE PROPHET’S LIFETIME: Ali was the first cousin of the Holy Prophet and so belonged to the Banu Hashim. His father was Abu Talib bin Abdul Muttalib‚ who had brought up Mohammad in his childhood. Ali was about ten years old whepn the Prophet received the first revelation. Ali got the special opportunity of living in the company of the Prophet and so developed great love for him since his childhood. Ali was brave and literate and was a very intelligent youth of Makkah. He
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This empire‚ identified as the Umayyad Empire‚ was first ruled by Mu’awiya‚ the governor of Syria. Unlike the Rightly Guided Caliphs who were followers of Muhammad‚ such as Ali‚ the caliphs of the Umayyad Empire were strictly hereditary. Although‚ “their authority still limited… by the idea that they should consult with other leaders.” The Umayyad Empire “would transform the Islamic community from an Arab
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Zha Ismael (= Introduction Islam is a religion that has existed for over fourteen centuries‚ in many different countries. As such‚ diverse political movements in many different contexts have used the banner of Islam to lend legitimacy to their causes. Islam has had a significant impact on world history‚ not only as a major religion that has directed the personal beliefs and actions of individuals‚ but also as the basis of a distinct system of government that has developed its own institutions
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Sunnis belive that only the the first four caliphs should be regarded as the properly led caliphs. They include Abu Bakr‚ Umar al-Khattab‚ Uthman Affan‚ and Ali Talib. Actually why there has not been one widely known caliph since 1923 for the entire Islamic religion is due to the fact that Islam is divided into these three sections metioned earlier. Although Sunnis accept hadith narrated by the first four caliphs‚ they regard one collection of hadith to be the most authentic
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and their conquest of the Muslim world. The biggest calamity that the Mongols brought was not only the capturing of Baghdad but also the death of Caliph Abbasid‚ that came as a big shocker to the Muslims. One author argues about the destruction brought by the Mongols‚ while the other gives more details about the capture of Baghdad‚ and the death of Caliph Abbasid. Ibn al-Athir and Rashid al-Din have described the same situations but with different perspectives‚ both have taken two different points
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Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan‚ (646 – 8 October 705) was the 5th Umayyad Caliph. He was born in Medina‚ Hejaz. `Abd al-Malik was a well-educated man and capable ruler‚ despite the many political problems that impeded his rule. 14th century Muslim historian Ibn Khaldun states: "`Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan is one of the greatest Arab and Muslim Caliphs. He followed in the footsteps of `Umar ibn al-Khattab‚ the Commander of the Believers‚ in regulating state affairs". Abd al-Malik
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Bakr took over leadership of the umma as the successor (caliph) of Muhammad. Abu Bakr faced two main tasks: standardization of the Islamic religion and consolidation of the Islamic state. Abu Bakr successfully re-established Muslim authority over the Arabs and oversaw the compilation and organization of the Quran in book form. Disagreements over the question of succession to the caliphate emerged following the assassination of the third caliph‚ Uthman. A civil war was fought between those who supported
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Mohammad’s uncle. It was one of the greatest of the Muslim empires‚ which was known as the golden age of Islamic culture. They ruled from 750 to 1258 AD. Their capital city was Baghdad. There were many caliphates who ruled Abbasid dynasty. the last caliph was killed by the Mongol when they invaded the city and took over. The Abbasids were known for their achievements such as trading routes with countries‚ education system‚ building new styles that show Islamic civilizations. All these accomplishments
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After Muhammad’s death‚ there was quarreling between his followers over who should succeed him. The afternoon that he died‚ a caliph‚ or religious successor to Muhammad‚ was designated. Abu Bakr was chosen for his warmth‚ courage‚ and wisdom. He knew that which Bedouin tribes could be turned against each other and which could be enticed into alliances. The result of defeat of rival prophets‚ known as the Ridda Wars‚ brought the return of the Arabian tribes to Islamic fold. Arab warriors were driven
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Prophet Muhammad. As stated in the textbook‚ “The Shia sect originated as a party supporting the appointment of Ali-a cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad-and his descendants as caliphs” (Bentley‚ 212). A caliph is a spiritual leader of Islam or a ruler of the Baghdad‚ claiming to be the successor of Muhammad. Ali acted as a caliph after Muhammad died‚ but was killed by his enemies shortly after. Supporters of Ali started the different sect (Shia)‚ in hopes of strengthening the belief that Ali and his
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