classes: alkanes have only single bonds‚ and are said to be saturated; alkenes and alkynes have carbon-carbon double or triple bonds‚ and are said to be unsaturated. Aromatic hydrocarbons are cyclic compounds whose structure is related to that of benzene‚ with six -electrons in a six-member ring. Aliphatic Hydrocarbons such as Alkanes are relatively inert to chemical oxidizing agents such as neutral or alkaline permanganate‚ where alkenes are readily oxidized at room temperature. The change in
Premium Alkene Hydrocarbon Potassium permanganate
than 1% of the Lower Flammable Level (LFL). Follow company’s “Procedure for Entry into Enclosed Spaces” with related permits. If the previous cargo contains Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) or other toxic contaminants which could evolve toxic gases (eg benzene‚ toluene‚ Mercaptans‚ etc)‚ the tank should be checked for such gases. Refer to “Guidelines for Toxic Gases Hazards” Carrying out “Hot Work” inside Tanks within the ‘Dangerous Area’ need special caution as per “Procedures for Hot Work” and carry
Premium Natural gas Ship Tank
Organic Chemistry Experiment - Hydrocarbons Thursday‚ April 12‚ 2007 1:34 PM Purpose: To Identify an unknown Hydrocarbon Procedure: Procedure listed in handout "Organic Chemistry Experiment -- Hydrocarbons" Hazards: Open flame and hydrocarbons are flammable. Equations: 1. . 3. . 4. . 5. . Unknown #: 1B s-6 Hyd-3 (colorless liquid) Data/Observations: Test Bromine addition Alkane Mixture of hexane and dichloromethane was originally clear liquid. After adding 3 drops red color Br2/CH2Cl
Premium Alkene Hydrocarbon Chemistry
hydrocarbons. Classification of the Hydrocarbons Aliphatic hydrocarbons (Greek for "fat") consist of alkanes (paraffins)‚ alkenes (double bonds) and alkynes (triple bonds). Aromatic hydrocarbons contain the benzene ring. 153 C C C alkane alkene C C C alkyne benzene Hydrocarbons can be further divided into saturated hydrocarbons that have only single carbon-carbon bonds (alkanes)‚ and unsaturated hydrocarbons that have multiple carbon-carbon bonds (alkenes‚ alkynes
Free Benzene Hydrocarbon Alkene
compounds containing benzene rings - the arenes. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution is a reaction in which the hydrogen atom of an aromatic ring is replaced as a result of an electrophilic attack on the aromatic ring (Attkins & Carey‚ 1990). There are steps to an electrophilic substation. First‚ attack of the electrophile on the aromatic ring‚ creating a resonance-stabilized carbocation called an arenium ion‚ which is an ion that is the result of an electrophilic attack on a benzene ring. And deprotonation
Premium Electrophilic aromatic substitution Nitration Benzene
COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Abstract Organic compunds were examined to a comparative investigation to differentiate the properties of each sample. The physical state at room temperature‚ odor and color of the sample were noted by simple observation. In terms of solubility in H2O‚ 5% NaOH solution and 5% HCl solution‚ the samples were classified as to miscible‚ slightly immiscible or immiscible for liquid; and very soluble‚ soluble‚ partially soluble or insolubse for solid. The
Premium Benzene Hydrocarbon Carbon
Analysis of Hydrocarbons Myra Gurango‚ Geneva Guy‚ Micah Hernandez* and Joyce Lagarde Department of Chemistry‚ University of Santo Tomas‚ Manila‚ Philippines Abstract The organic compounds hexane‚ toluene‚ cyclohexene and naphthalene in hexene were subjected to parallel chemical testing to differentiate their intrinsic physical properties in terms of structure and behavior. The physical state and color were noted by simple physical observation. Nitration Testing was conducted for preliminary
Free Benzene Hydrocarbon Hexane
CHM456 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1 LABORATORY Contact hours: 3 hours/week Laboratory textbook: Pavia‚ Lampman‚ Kriz and Engel‚ Introduction to Organic Laboratoy Techniques 3rd Edition (2011) ** Students MUST obtain a copy of the textbook Synopsis This is an organic chemistry practical course which reinforce the theory and concepts studied in Organic Chemistry 1 (CHM456). It covers the learning of simple laboratory techniques such as reflux‚ distillation‚ extraction‚ crystallization and melting point
Premium Distillation Chemistry Benzene
Chemical Engineering Design and Professional Skills B Second assignment M A N U F A C T U R E O F S T Y R E N E Assignment 2 – Monday 28/01/13 You have a provisional flowsheet for a process to manufacture 30 ton/h of styrene from ethylbenzene. This is described below. (It may differ in some details from the one you developed last term – but if so‚ you should use the version described here‚ so that all groups are working with the same‚ correct process.) For Assignment 2 of
Premium Heat exchanger Water Distillation
fiber and other downstream products. The demand for Benzene in India is growing steadily and has reached almost 600 KTA which is expected to increase further by another 400 KTA by the end of 12th 5 year plan. There is a need for capacity expansion for Benzene. The primary source for benzene supply is reformate or toluene transalkylation based production units which accounted for about 400 KTA and 620 KTA of capacity respectively. Lower purity Benzene from coke ovens also accounts for small amount of
Premium Benzene Petrochemical Fiber