(stretch) 1599&1493 Benzene C=C (aromatic stretch) 1597&1493 Benzene C=C (aromatic stretch) 1293 Carboxylic acid C-O (stretch) 1267 Carboxylic acid C-O (stretch) 788 Alkene =C-H bending (stretch) 786-845 Alkene =C-H bending (stretch) Pure (E)-α-phenylcinnamic acid 3054 Aromatic =C-H (stretch) 5053 Aromatic =C-H (stretch) 2616-3054 Carboxylic acid O-H (stretch) 2516-2951 Carboxylic acid O-H (stretch) 1676 Carbonyl C=O (stretch) 1673 Carbonyl C=O (stretch) 1599&1493 Benzene C=C (aromatic stretch)
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substitutions rather than addition reactions. Substitution of a new group for a hydrogen atom takes place via a resonance-stabilized carbocation. As the benzene ring is quite electron-rich‚ it almost always behaves as a nucleophile in a reaction which means the substitution on benzene occurs by the addition of an electrophile. Substituted benzenes tend to react at predictable positions. Alkyl groups and other electron-donating substituents enhance substitution and direct it toward the ortho and para
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to take place‚ we must verify that we can obtain a product through the following nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction: When electron withdrawing groups are present on a benzene ring‚ the ring can more easily undergo a nucleophilic attack. In this reaction we are dealing with a halogen (Cl) placed on the benzene ring‚ and when the electron withdrawing group is present either in ortho or para positions the nucleophilic attack will attack with more ease than if the EWG is positioned on meta
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163 CHAPTER 13 HYDROCARBON Hydrocarbons are composed of Carbon and hydrogen. The important fuels like Petrol‚ kerosene‚ coal gas‚ CNG‚ LPG etc. are all hydrocarbons or their mixture. Sources: Petroleum and natural gas are the major sources of aliphatic hydrocarbon while coal is an important source of aromatic hydrocarbons. The oil trapped inside the rocks is known as petroleum. PETRA – ROCK‚ OLEUM – OIL. The oil in the petroleum field is covered with a gaseous mixture known as natural
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nitronium ion NO2+. It then acted as strong electrophile that nitrated the benzene ring. After that‚ vacuum filtration and recrystallization were methods used to obtain the final product with minimal impurities. The mass of product
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Abstract: In this experiment‚ the methyl nitrobenzoate was prepared from methyl benzoate‚ concentrated HNO3‚ and concentrated H2SO4 via an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The HNO3 and H2SO4 were combined to form a nitrating solution‚ which was mixed with a mixture of methyl benzoate and H2SO4. Percent yield for the final product was calculated followed by recrystallization and melting point was measured. Introduction: Nitration of Methyl Benzoate is one of the examples
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residue that can stain smokers’ teeth‚ fingers and lungs. Arsenic It can cause cancer as well as damaging the heart and its blood vessels. It can interfere the ability of repairing our dna. Benzene a solvent used to manufacture other chemicals‚ including petrol. It is well-established that benzene can cause cancer‚ particularly leukaemia. Cadmium a metal used mostly to make batteries.the amounts of cadmium present in tobacco smoke are capable of affecting our health and It is a known cause
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CHE656 Computer Applications for Chemical Engineering Practice Process Simulation with ASPEN PLUS Exercise Problems Version 2012 Prepared by Dr. Hong-ming Ku King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi Chemical Engineering Department Chemical Engineering Practice School © May 2004-2012 – Use with Permission of the Author Only 1 Section 1 Elementary Modules‚ Mass Balances‚ and Degree of Freedom Analysis 2 1. Mass Balances and Constraints with Elementary Modules
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Introduction : "Aromatic" and "aromatic compound" sidetrack here. For implications identified with odor‚ see fragrance compound. Two distinctive reverberation types of benzene (top) consolidate to create a normal structure (base) In natural science‚ the term aromaticity is utilized to depict a cyclic (ring-molded)‚ planar (level) particle that shows strange dependability when contrasted with other geometric or connective game plans of the same arrangement of iotas. As an aftereffect of their security
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Beltran RELATIVE RATES OF ELECTROPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION I. Objective(s) In this Experiment‚ the relative reactivities of different substituted benzenes towards bromination will be determined‚ where bromine is dissolved in acetic acid. Materials and apparatus Test solutions: 0.2 M solutions in ethyl acetate: Benzene‚ chlorobenzene‚ phenol‚ nitrophenol‚ aniline and acetanilide. Measuring pipettes (5 mL) micro test tubes 0.05 M Br2 in 90% CH3COOH Pasteur pipettes
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