of electrophilic aromatic substitution. A strongly charged electrophile‚ in this case a nitro group‚ replaces a proton on the aromatic ring. Aromatic compounds undergo substitution instead of addition to maintain resonance. The substituent on the benzene ring determines where the electrophile will add. Electron withdrawing substituents‚ like nitro group‚ withdraw electrons due to induction and direct position of the carbocation through resonance to add electrophile to meta position. Nitric acid‚ sulfuric
Premium Benzene Electrophilic aromatic substitution
Sudan-1 has a two-step reaction – diazotization and coupling reactions. Diazotization is the formation of diazonium salt‚ meanwhile‚ the coupling reaction took place when an activated aromatic compound‚ β-naphtol was reacted with the diazonium salt‚ benzene diazonium chloride‚ to form the azo compound known as the 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol. As a result‚ an orange-red precipitate was formed after series of reaction. Hence‚ all the said objectives in this experiment were achieved. INTRODUCTION Amines are
Premium Chemistry Benzene Functional group
containing a nitrogen atom. 2.Carbon Ring atom in the ring nitrogen stronger than the negative power ‚ thus making the two ‚ 4 - and 6 - ring carbon atom ratio ‚ otherwise it will be more electropositive ‚From the knowledge of the chemistry of the benzene ring can be expected . Aromatic π - electron system does not lone pair of electrons involved On the nitrogen atom ‚ so that the term alkaline and π - pyridine compounds are described for defects . Pyridine ring through the nitrogen. The reaction is
Premium Hydrogen Benzene Carbon
acetylene was also done in this experiment. The properties of the formed acetylene such as the reaction of the acetylene as it undergo Ammoniacal silver nitrate test‚ Bromination and oxidation. The reagents that were used to perform this experiment were benzene‚ cyclohexane‚ concentrated H2SO4‚ Calcium Carbide‚ 1.0 M Br2 in CCl4‚ cyclohexane‚ and 1.0 M KMnO4. The apparatuses that were used are micro test tubes‚ 2.0 mL pipet‚ iron clamp‚ 8-in test tube‚ evaporating dish‚ water trough‚ small corks‚ and iron
Premium Hydrocarbon Carbon Alkene
compounds of carbon and hydrogen which contain at least one hexagonal ring of carbon called as benzene in their molecule. Aromatic hydrocarbon can contain one or more than one benzene ring. Those compounds which contain more than one benzene ring are known as polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon like naphthalene‚ anthracene etc. The aromatic compounds are generally taken as derivatives of benzene. Benzene and its derivatives are mainly used in synthetic organic chemistry. The main source of polynuclear
Premium Benzene Aromaticity Electrophilic aromatic substitution
Texas As pollutants in Dallas increase and attention looms what will be done about the team is pressed in gather information that will help in educating the public on what can be done about the top five pollutants. The top five are Formaldehyde‚ Benzene‚ Acetaldehyde‚ Carbon Tetrachloride and Butadiene. The team is addressing the issue of mitigating the pollution of the number polluter in Dallas‚ Formaldehyde. Coordinating the effort in study‚ impact on the local economy‚ and local business will
Premium Air pollution Gasoline Respiratory system
EXPERIMENT 4 ANALYSIS OF HYDROCARBON IN COMMON FUELS BY SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION (SPME) AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY (GC-MS) Abstract In the analysis the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was developed for the identification of volatile compounds (hydrocarbon) in fuel. The samples was used is (kerosene‚ diesel‚ thinner and petrol) and one unknown. After the analyte was extracted by SPME in 20min‚ it directly injected
Premium Gas chromatography Chromatography Benzene
carbon atoms are joined together in straight chains‚ branched chains‚ or non-aromatic rings. Aliphatics undergo free-radical substitution reactions. The aromatic hydrocarbon or arene‚ are characterized byhaving molecular structures which are called benzene rings. They are characterized by ionic substitution reactions due to their opposition to addition reactions because of their aromacity‚ the possession of aclosed loop of electrons and a manifestation of cyclic delocalization and low reactivity of
Free Benzene Hydrocarbon Carbon
compounds possess the benzene ring functional group: G’s FG = aromatic compound or arene benzene ring or aryl grp - other compounds which do not contain a benzene ring are also referred to as “aromatic” based on their similarity in physical & chemical behavior to benzene STRUCTURE OF BENZENE – - there are several characteristics of benzene which‚ although initially seemed contradictory‚ helped finally to determine its enigmatic structure a) Unsaturated Molecular Formula – - benzene ‘s molecular formula
Premium Aromaticity Benzene Electron configuration
2011 at N402. Abstract EXPERIMENT NUMBER ONE IS ALL ABOUT THE ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUTION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS. AROMATIC COMPOUNDS ARE THOSE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WHICH HAVE BENZENE RING (CYCLOHEXA-1‚3‚5-TRIENE). AROMATIC COMPOUNDS ARE ALWAYS FOLLOWS THE SUBSTITUTION REACTION BECAUSE OF THE STABILITY OF THE BENZENE RING. IT WILL NOT PROCESS THE ELIMINATION‚ ADDITION OR REARRANGEMENT REACTION. THIS EXPERIMENT WILL DETERMINE THE FACTORS OF ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUTION ON DIFFERENT AROMATIC RINGS
Premium Organic chemistry Solvent Chemical reaction