acetic acid present in commercial vinegar and the weight-to-volume percent of ammonia present in window cleaners. Acid-base titrations can be conducted using the above samples against standardized aqueous NaOH and standardized aqueous HCl solutions respectively. 2. Introduction: Acetic acid‚ commonly known as ethanoic acid CH3COOH‚ is found in commercial vinegar. It is a weak organic acid that gives vinegar its characteristic pungent smell‚ sour taste and slight acidity. Being an acid‚ vinegar
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UNKNOWN WEAK ACID BY TITRIMETRY INTRODUCTION Acids are substances that donate hydrogen ions and bases are substances that accept hydrogen ions. Acids and bases react with each other by transferring hydrogen ions. One way to distinguish an acid is by its equivalent mass‚ which is the number of grams of the acid needed to transfer one mole of hydrogen ion to a base. For a monoprotic acid‚ which only transfers one hydrogen ion‚ its equivalent mass equals its molar mass. For a diprotic acid‚ which transfers
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hydrochloric acid Theory . Introduction: Titration is a procedure used in chemistry in order to determines the molarity of an acid or a base. In the other words‚ it is also consider as acid-base neutralization reaction (Darrell D. Ebbing 1976). A chemical reaction is set up between a know volume of a solution of unknown concentration and a known volume of a solution with a known concentration. The relative acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution can be determined using the relative acid or base
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Water Pollution Solutions Water pollution has been around ever since any of us can remember! What we need to look for now are water pollution solutions to help salvage our planet. So read on to know about some water pollution solutions... Water pollution is a problem that isn’t new to us. Water pollution has been around since time immemorial‚ though the severity of the problem has only recently struck environmentalists the world over. Although there are a lot of strict laws in the United States
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Running Head: Factors Affecting Citric Acid Production by Aspergillus niger Factors Affecting Citric Acid Production by Aspergillus niger Ong Chia Swing‚ Student. Nilai University 1. Introduction Citric acid is a natural preservative or conservative that is used to add an acidic‚ sour taste to foods and beverages. In the context of biochemistry‚ the conjugate base of citric acid which is the citrate plays an important role as an intermediate in the citric acid cycle which occurs in the metabolism
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Tests for Carboxylic Acid and Derivatives Mary Catherine Sarte‚ John Emmanuel Sy‚ Allurie Umel‚Franklin Yap‚ Mary Christine YouIntroduction Carboxylic acids derivatives are simply groupsof compounds that contain a carbonyl group butwith an electronegative atom attached to thecarbon. The difference in the structure leads to amajor change in reactivity. The reactions of thesegroups of compounds involve nucleophilicsubstitution. Although there are abundant kindsof carboxylic acid derivatives‚ the experimentonly
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ACID ATTACKS UNDER IPC : AN ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION Acid attacks are a form of violence against women‚ where the perpetrator splashes a person or object with acid in order to deface or kill them. Although acid throwing‚ also known as vitriol age‚ has been a form of violence known to be committed throughout history‚ there has been a steep rise in the cases documented in recent years‚ particularly in certain South Asian countries. Some of this increase has been attributed to better documentation
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Chemistry Internal Assessment Title: Determination of the percentage (%) of ethanoic acid in vinegar Date Experiment was performed: 1st April 2011 Criteria Assessed: DCP‚ CE Apparatus: 2 conical flasks 1 250cm3 volumetric flask ±0.30cm3 Electronic Balance ±0.10g 50cm3 Burette±0.1cm3 25cm3 Pipette±0.06cm3 Materials: 0.20M HCl (±0.02moldm-3) 1.1g solid NaOH (±0.1g) A solution of vinegar of unknown concentration (density= 1.05gcm-3) Phenolphthalein Method: * A solution of NaOH was
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Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives Ma. Marielle M. Medura Prof. Emma Boncales Chem 23A (TTH 01:00-4:00 p.m) Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives I. Introduction Carboxylic acids is an organic compound that contains a carboxylic group(-COOH). Its general formula is R-C=OOH with R referring to the rest of the molecule such as H and C. They are directly attached to a carbonyl group and the interaction between them affects the reactions of each. The polarity of the O-H bond
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Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. They band together in chains to form the stuff from which your life is born. Think of amino acids as Legos for your life. It’s a two-step process: Amino acids get together and form peptides or polypeptides. It is from these groupings that proteins are made. And there’s not just one kind of amino acid. A total of 20 different kinds of amino acids form proteins. The kinds of amino acids determine the shape of the proteins formed. Commonly recognized
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