• Musculoskeletal response: increased blood supply; increase in muscle pliability; increased range of movement; muscle fibre micro tears • Energy systems: phosphocreatine; lactic acid; aerobic; energy continuum; energy requirements of different sport and exercise activities • Cardiovascular response: heart rate anticipatory response; activity response; increased blood pressure; vasoconstriction; vasodilation • Respiratory response: increase in breathing rate (neural and chemical control); increased tidal volume. Musculoskeletal system The short term effects on MUSCLES/ JOINTS and BONES Musculoskeletal response: increased blood supply; increase in muscle pliability; increased range of movement; muscle fibre micro tears…
The arterioles in the skeletal muscles dilate, which increases blood flow to the muscles and leads to an overall drop in peripheral resistance. At the same time there is vasoconstriction in the vessels supplying blood to the abdominal organs and kidneys. This makes sense: if an individual was running from an attacking lion, digestion wouldn’t be a high priority while the muscles involved in escape would be. Another cardiovascular response to exercise is an increase in blood pressure, particularly systolic pressure: this is a result of the increase in the volume of blood being pumped from the heart.3 Finally there is the longer-term response to continuing to exercise, which is remodeling of the…
In cycling, due to the posture of the athlete, increased arterial pressures in the lower limbs may cause both a pressure and volume overload on the heart (O’Toole and Douglas, 1995). Intensive training and long endurance events are accompanied by some muscle damage, due to decreases in myoglobin and build up of lactic acid in the tissue (Armstrong, 1986). The VO2 max (aerobic capacity) is important in the transfer of energy. This requires an integration of the respiratory, cardiovascular and neuromuscular systems. Mahler et al (1982) reported that the respiratory system is not a limiting factor in marathon runners, finding no difference between their respiratory function and that of their sedentary controls. Therefore only the cardiovascular and the neuromuscular systems adapt to endurance training.…
During exercise your body uses stored glycogen when that is depleted the body will acquire a buildup of lactic acid from the muscles tearing. (That is how you build muscle; it tears and then heals, then gets larger and stronger.) This lactic acid is produced to be used for fuel. An athlete`s muscles are adapted to use the larger quantities of lactic acid. Whereas a sedentary individual is not, their muscles would hurt and burn and fatigue much faster than that of a fit person. ( http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_does_lactic_acid_do_while_exercising) However there is a buildup of creatine which comes from muscle injury. The byproducts of muscle metabolism increases the osmotic gradient, thus pulling water, increasing blood pressure, which pushes more fluid into the interstitial space. These factors together can cause blood volume to drop, which would cause the hematocrit to drop as well.…
Michael Masher Unit 2: P1 – Describe The Musculoskeletal and Energy Systems Response to Acute Exercise M1 – Explain the Response of the Musculoskeletal, Cardi……
The onset of muscle fatigue has hindered many athletes from achieving their maximum performance. Over the years we have been taught that it is the build-up of lactic acid that is the downfall of muscle fatigue and soreness. This is only partially true; there is a little more to it than what we have been told. I hope that this article provides you with a possible short-term remedy and does not confuse you more but rather makes you more aware of what is going on when your muscles become fatigued. During short term (anaerobic) exercise, ATP and creatine phosphate (CP) are used up within the first 7 seconds of training. This signals the metabolism of glycogen to produce energy for your body.…
When transitioning from a state of rest to moderate intensity exercise a number of changes occur EXCEPT:…
In this assignment the concept of homeostasis will be explained and the probable homeostatic responses to changes in the internal environment during exercise will be discussed.…
Fatigue is caused when glucose is broken down and oxidized to the pyruvate, and lactate is produced from the pyruvate faster than the tissues can remove it, so lactate concentration begins to rise. First, ATP breaks down creating energy for the muscular contraction. Then it binds to the myosin head and reattaches itself creating contraction. Glycogen is the storage form of glucose and is used to generate energy faster, producing lactic acid, In order for exercise to continue for any length of time, ATP must quickly and continually be reformed. This is accomplished by finding other sources of inorganic phosphate and energy so ADP can be reconverted back to ATP. The rate of lactic acid accumulation will depend upon the demand placed on ATP to release energy for muscular contraction, and the ability of creative phosphate and aerobic metabolism to meet that…
Not enough oxygen may reach the muscles during exercise. When this happens, they use anaerobic respiration to obtain energy.…
Exercise can be damaging to the muscles, the damage that the muscle endure following a challenging or new exercise can take the form of soreness. Muscle soreness is attributable to the decline in carbohydrate stores and protein stores in the muscle during exercise. The decline in the body’s energy stores result in damage to the muscle that is preforming the exercise, which inversely causes soreness. Due to this occurrence it has been scientifically proven that replenishing depleted glycogen stores following exercise is imperative (1).…
Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle or group of muscles to sustain repeated contractions against a resistance for an extended period of time.…
Stretching prior to exercise may increase the risk of injury. It is better to focus on gentle warming up and light stretching than on simply stretching muscles prior to intensive workout. After intense exercise, stretching helps to relax contracted muscles and avoid stiffness and soreness later. After intense exercise, stretching helps to relax contracted muscles and avoid stiffness and soreness afterward. It was noted the different level of flexibility in the subjects, with one doing significantly worse than others. Long-term benefits of properly done stretching will be especially important for this subject (subject…
The fastest way to regenerate ATP (energy) is by the breaking down of creatine phosphate to provide creatine and an additional phosphate energy to convert ADP back to ATP. This benefits contracting muscles because ATP is therefore available very quickly. This can only happen for a short period of time the creatine phosphate stored in the muscle is used quickly, especially during high intensity…
McArdle, W. D., Katch, F. I., Katch, V. L. (2006). Essential of Exercise Physiology. (3rd ed.). Santa Barbara: Fitness Technology, Inc.…