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Toyota - Las 5 Fuerzas de Porter

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Toyota - Las 5 Fuerzas de Porter
Dinámica del Sector

Análisis de la naturaleza de la competencia
En la industria automovilista a diferencia de otras industrias, el número de competidores existentes en el mercado a nivel mundial no es muy alto, esto se comprueba al mirar que los 5 fabricantes principales de autos concentran el 42% del total de autos producidos en el mundo (OICA, 2009). En condiciones normales se podría pensar que el hecho de tener pocos competidores facilita el crecimiento y estabilidad de una empresa en el tiempo, sin embargo en esta industria esto no es así, ya que las compañías existentes destinan grandes recursos para mantener los mercados que tienen actualmente (especialmente en Estados Unidos y Europa), de tal manera que la competencia es igual o más dura que en industrias en las cuales existen muchos competidores.

En los últimos 3 años, la industria del automóvil ha presentado cifras negativas en términos de crecimiento, esto en gran medida debido a la crisis económica que afecta a Estados Unidos y Europa quienes hasta hoy son los principales compradores de autos en el mercado global, y se prevé que el año 2010 también terminará con cifras negativas en la mayoría de mercados.

Grafico [ 1 ]: Número de unidades producidas a nivel mundial (OICA, 2009)

A pesar de los problemas de crecimiento que está teniendo la industria automovilística en general, un segmento en el cual la competencia está creciendo rápidamente es el de los autos híbridos o ecológicos. Toyota fue el pionero en incursionar en este segmento con el desarrollo del Prius desde año 1992, iniciando su comercialización en 1997, sin embargo en la actualidad existe una variedad importante de vehículos en este segmento que está teniendo mucha acogida en el mercado y el respaldo de los países para fomentar la protección del medio ambiente.

En el año 2008, Toyota se consolidó como el mayor fabricante de autos a nivel mundial superando a GM quien hasta entonces había sido el líder absoluto del mercado durante

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