Recycling and Effective Hazardous Waste

APES Chapter 24 Study Guide 1. In what state is the Love Canal located? 2. Name the company that was responsible for dumping toxic and cancer-causing wastes into an old canal excavation called the Love Canal. 3. After Love Canal was abandoned, what was it sold and used for? 4. The Love Canal illustrates which of the following? a. that preventing pollution is safer and cheaper than cleaning it up b. that political officials are alert and sympathetic to their constituents c. that pollutants can be stored safely underground for a long time d. that polluting companies can escape from the costs and responsibility of their actions 5. The U.S. is about 5% of the world’s population and produces about what % of the world’s solid waste? 6. Garbage produced directly by households and businesses accounts for what % of the solid waste produced in the U.S.? 7. What is the single largest category of U.S. solid waste? 8. The amount of solid waste produced in the U.S. in 1996 could fill a convoy of garbage trucks that would stretch around the world how many times? 9. What is the % of the recycling/composting rate of U.S. municipal solid waste? 10. What % of the solid waste produced in the U.S. is buried in landfills or incinerated? 11. Consumers throw away enough aluminum to rebuild the entire U.S. commercial airline fleet about every _____________________. 12. Which of the following is not one of the four properties that make waste hazardous? a. Corrosive b. Soluble c. Unstable d. Flammable e. Carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic 13. The EPA does not consider a material hazardous if a small business produces how many pounds of waste per month? 14. How many tons of hazardous waste are produced for each person in the U.S. per year (according to the EPA)? 15. What % of U.S. hazardous waste is not regulated by hazardous waste laws? 16. Hazardous waste that is legally designated and in a controlled form make up what % of the total hazardous waste produced? 17. Which of the following strategies should be given top priority in a low waste approach? a. Incinerate b. Recycle c. Bury d. Reduce e. Reuse 18. Which of the following strategies would be given lowest priority in a low waste society? a. Incinerate b. Recycle c. Bury d. Reduce e. Reuse 19. Scientists estimate that in a low waste society what % of solid and hazardous waste could be eliminated throug reduction, reuse, and recycling? 20. Industrial ecology tries to a. maximize the input of energy per unit of output b. maximize the input of matter resources per unit of output c. make resource use an open system d. adjust inputs and outputs to the carrying capacity of the environment 21. What program is the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company (3M) famous for? 22. The Xerox Corporation is an example of a shift towards what type of economy? 23. Coca-Cola and Pepsi conducted studies that showed their glass soft drink bottle (16 oz) cost ____________ that of throwaway bottles. 24. An environmentalist would say that the best way to handle soft drink and beer containers would be to use _______________________. 25. Which country has a beverage container deposit fee that is 50% higher than the cost of the drink to encourage refillable bottles? 26. If an environmentalist was at the checkout counter which of the following would he/she most likely say or do? a. Plastic please b. Paper please c. I brought my own bag d. Walk out of the store e. Either plastic or paper 27. From the following list which would be the least desirable place for a used tire? a. In an incinerator to produce electricity b. Asphalt pavement c. In the foundation of a low-cost passive solar home d. In the landfill 28. True/False: Compost is most completely described as soil conditioner and organic fertilizer. If the statement is false, make it true. 29. What is the most desirable type of recycling? 30. Which of the following substances can be recovered from soild waste? a. Paper b. Plastic c. metals 31. Which of the following would critics of recycling be most likely to claim? a. There is abundant landfill space in all areas b. It is not worth the effort c. There is no solid waste problem d. Incineration is the safest and most efficient way to dispose of solid waste e. It does not make sense to recyle if it costs more than landfilling or incineration 32. An environmentalist would say the primary benefits of recycling are? 33. List some obstacles to recycling. 34. List some ways in which those obstacles to recycling can be overcome. 35. In 2000, the U.S. recycled what % of all its wastepaper? 36. Recycling paper a. Decreases profuction costs b. Conserves water and landfill space c. Creates jobs and saves money d. Saves energy e. All of the above 37. One of the following is not a problem with plastic materials. Which is it? a. They are unnecessarily and excessively used as single-use and throw away packaging b. They are made of man different types of resins c. They can harm animals that swallow them or become entangled in them d. Toxic lead and cadmium can leach out of plastics e. They decompose readily in landfills 38. Which of the following would be most difficult ot recycle? a. Cardboard b. Aluminum c. Paper d. Plastic e. glass 39. List some reasons why plastic is desirable. 40. Which TWO of the following would be the most desirable in reducing hazardous waste? a. Recycling and reusing hazardous wastes b. Deposit in ocean trenches c. Perpetual storage d. Conversion to less hazardous and non-hazardous materials e. Incineration f. Substitution of safer products that do not produce hazardous waste 41. Name the country with the most comprehensive and effective hazardous waste detoxification program. 42. Is bioremediation most effective for toxic chemicals or specific organic wastes? 43. What does phytoremediation use to remove contaminants? 44. Name the two states that banned the method of incineration. 45. List the components of a modern state-of-the-art landfill. 46. What do sanitary landfulls generally have problems with? 47. What does underground anaerobic decomposition in landfills produce? 48. How could deep well injection of hazardous waster result in the contamination of groundwater? 49. Where do most legal U.S. exports of hazardous waste go? 50. In the U.S. what is the maximum legal level of lead in the blood? 51. Which of the follwing sources of lead in the U.S. would probably cause the least problems? a. Lead glazing in ceramicware used to serve food. b. Lead solder from seamed food cans c. Paints used in older buildings d. Atmospheric lead that settles on the ground e. Chewing on lead pencils 52. Name some ways in which chlorine is used. 53. Name some ways in which chlorinated organic solvents can be replaced. 54. Which of the following could replace chlorine bleaching of wood pulp and paper? a. Carbon dioxide b. Dihydrogen oxide c. Titanium dioxide d. Hydrogen peroxide e. Nitrogen 55. How are the majority of dioxins in the U.S. released into the atmosphere? 56. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 does all of the following except a. Requires the EPA to set standards for hazardous-waste management b. Requires all firms that handle more than 100 kg of hazardous waste per month to have a permit stating how such wastes are to be managed c. Provides guidelines and financial aid to establish state waste management programs 57. The Superfund program pays a. The doctors’ bills and lawyers’ fees for pollution events b. For testing for lead in paint, water, and air samples c. To monitor hazardous wastes d. To clean up inactive or abandoned hazardous waste dumping sites 58. True/False a. Cleaning up contaminated Dept. of Energy sites used to make nuclear weapons will run between $100 billion and $400 billion over 30-50 years b. Pollution prevention is cheaper than cleanup strategies c. Cleaning up toxic military dumps is estimated to cost $100-200 billion over 30 years 59. Total cleanup bill will cost U.S. taxpayers ___________ per day/ ________________ per hour nonstop for almost ____________ years. 60. Environmental justice movement attempts to dismantle a. Discriminatory land-use practices b. Disparate citing of risky techniques c. Differential enforcement of environmental regulations d. Exclusionary zoning ordinances