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CHAPTER 1:
Sexual Intelligence * Four components of sexual intelligence: * Self-Understanding-Personal values & opinions about your sexuality * Interpersonal sexual skills and integrity-Making responsible decisions based upon sexual values *
Sexual Intelligence * Four components of sexual intelligence: * 3. Accurate scientific sexual knowledge-Knowing exactly what happens to our bodies when we are sexually aroused * 4. Having consideration of the cultural context of sexuality-Understanding that sexuality is expressed differently in different cultural contexts * Increasing sexual intelligence will allow for responsible decisions in sexual behavior *
Studying Sexuality:
From A Psychosocial Orientation * A Biopsychosocial Orientation takes into account: * Psychological factors * - Emotions, attitudes, motivations * Social conditioning factors * - Process which we learn our social norms * Biological factors * - Hormones, nervous system, genetics, etc.
Diversity in the United States * Culture groups=diverse expressions and values of sexuality * Various Culture groups * An example of diversity is religion. * Fundamentalist-against contraceptives * Liberals-appreciate how contraceptives enhance sexual intimacy
Cross-Cultural Perspectives: Islamic Middle East * Based on beliefs of Muhammad * Belief that sex should be enjoyed by both sexes * Women viewed inherently more sexual than men (this power contained by veils, segregation, female circumcision) * Oppression of women and many sexually related restrictions stem from patriarchal cultural traditions and fundamentalist sects, not from religion and the teaching of the Qur’an
Cross-Cultural Perspectives: China * Sexual conservatism with communist rule (1949) * Lack of basic information about sexuality * Sex outside of marriage and frequent sex within marriage discouraged * Almost no STDs * Current trends * Increasing rates of premarital sex * Increasing rates of HIV infection * Slightly more open to homosexuality * Still lack sexual knowledge and safe-sex skills
Cross-Cultural Perspectives
North America * Historic Roman Church * Definition of sex and intercourse used synonymously * Sex for pleasure was unacceptable (e.g. masturbation, oral sex, anal intercourse) * Sex was for procreation * Anyone not married was living in sin if engaging in any sexual behaviors
Cross-Cultural Perspectives
North America * Male/female gender roles * The male’s penis was the only way to enjoy sex * Males expected to be sexual * Females expected to depend on males for sexual satisfaction
Cross-Cultural Perspectives
North America * Sex Positive Shift-confined to marriage * Protestant Reformation * Value of sex in marriage, goes beyond procreation * Victorian Era * Conflict of women’s sexuality * Prostitution flourished, yet women were valued when they were ladylike and maintained sexual restraint.
Influence of Slavery * Sexual practices among slaves were dehumanized and viewed as disgusting * African slave women: * Used as breeders of children * Raped and forced to have sex with male slaves or slave owners * Rape and slavery was justified under laws because Africans were not considered human beings.
Influence of Slavery * Post Slavery * White Americans feared African men would seek White women because it was believed that Black men: * Sexually violent * Sexual prowess (sexual superior) to White men. * These beliefs justified lynching of Black males to prevent them from having relationships with white women.
Post Slavery Images of African American Women:
Matriarch (Mammy) * Subservient * Loyal * Religious * Maintains her household * and work * Asexual
Post Slavery Images of African American Women: Sapphire * Emasculates men * Sassy * Opinionated
Post Slavery Images of African American Women: Jezebel * Black sexuality * Promiscuous * Obtains advancements through sex * Her sexiness makes it okay to be abused and disrespected
20th Century Sexuality * Social Movements: * suffrage movement * civil rights movement * lesbian & gay movement * Obama’s acceptance speech “equal rights” * World War II: * Roles were expanded & more flexible * Postwar return to stricter roles
The Media and Sexuality * Television * News, advice, and educational programs * Increased access to sexual material * Sex and the City, The L Word, Queer as Folk * Cable * Video games * Determining of social norms * Advertising * Magazines * The Internet
Sexual Taboos and Television
Cyberspace and Sexuality * 2 billion Internet users worldwide * 80% of people obtain health information from Internet * 30% of young adults 20-26 report having sent naked photos, or videos to someone else. “Sexting” * Facebook over 900 million users, Twitter over 500 million users * Availability on hand held devices * iPad, iPod, Smart phones

CHAPTER 2:

Goals of Sexology * Sexology=study of sexuality * Originated largely in the 20th century * Goal is to: * Understand sexual behavior * Predict sexual behavior * Control / Influence sexual behavior * Ethical considerations when controlling behavior
Summary of Research Methods
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Introduction to Sex Research * Please copy and paste the links below. These are short clips (about 10 min.) briefly describing Alfred Kinsey’s sex research. * http://youtu.be/Kwq5EOU7iWk * http://youtu.be/d6bXH2k9MKE
Implications/Critiques of Kinsey Research * Sample of over 10,000 male and female survey interviews on male and female sexual behavior patterns * Tremendous accomplishment considering the time period of his research, topic, and findings. * Kinsey sex scale and observing sexuality on a continuum * No generalizability * Homogenous sample (everyone in his sample was similar) * Higher education * Protestants * White Americans
Non-experimental Research Methods: Direct Observation * William Masters and Virginia Johnson used direct observation to study human sexual response * Copy and paste the link below. This clip is a brief description of their research: * http://youtu.be/aZcYTCo-D9s
Technologies in Sex Research * Electronic devices for measuring sexual arousal * Penile strain gauge * measures slightest change in penis size * Vaginal photoplethysmograph * placed inside the vagina, when aroused, the vaginal walls thicken with blood * measures increased vaginal blood volume * Measures for clitoris exist as well * Vaginal & rectal myographs * inserted into the vagina or rectum to measure muscular activity in the pelvic area
Measuring Sexual Arousal
Penile Strain Gauge
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Vaginal photoplethysmograph
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Vaginal & Rectal myographs
Ethical Guidelines for Human Sex Research * No pressure or coercion for participation * Informed consent and voluntary participation * Confidentiality and anonymity * Question of deception * Grateful followuffp * Institutional ethics review
Evaluating Research:
Questions to Ask * Why was the research done? Who did the research? What are their credentials? What biases are there? * Who were the participants? How were they selected & assigned to groups? * How was the research conducted? What methods were used? * Where was the research reported? What additional support is there?
The End.