Gilded Age Apush

AP US History Review Sheet – Chapters 23 and 24

1. In the Presidential election of 1868, U.S. Grant’s victory was due to the votes of former black slaves. 2. In the late 19th century, those political candidates who campaigned by ‘waiving the bloody shirt’ were reminding voters of the treasonous Confederate Democrats during the Civil War. 3. A weapon that was used to put Boss Tweed, leader of New York City’s infamous Tweed Ring, in jail was the cartoons of the political satirist Thomas Nast. 4. The Credit Mobilier scandal involved railroad construction kickbacks involving the Union Pacific Railroad. 5. One cause of the Panic of 1873 was the construction of more factories than the market could bear. 6. As a solution
One reason for the heavy turnouts and partisan fervor was the Gilded Age was sharp ethnic and cultural differences in the membership of the two parties. 11. During the Gilded Age, the lifeblood of both the Democratic and the Republican parties was political patronage. 12. The major problem in the 1876 presidential election centered on the two sets of election returns submitted by Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana. 13. The Compromise of 1877 resulted the end Reconstruction, and the withdrawal of federal troops from the South. 14. The seque3nce of presidential terms of the ‘forgettable presidents’ of the Gilded Age (including Cleveland’s two non-consecutive terms) was Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, and Cleveland. 15. In the 1896 case of Plessy vs. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that ‘separate but equal’ facilities were constitutional. 16. At the end of Reconstruction, Southern whites disenfranchised African-Americans with poll taxes (made illegal in federal elections via the 24th Amendment in 1964, and in state elections subsequent to that via Supreme Court ruling), literacy tests (made illegal by the Voting Rights Act of 1965), grandfather clauses (made illegal by Supreme Court decision in 1915), and economic
The group most effected by the new industrial age was women. 59. The image of the “Gibson Girl” represented an independent and athletic “new woman.” Page 4.

60. Generally, the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth century interpreted the Constitution in such a way as to favor corporations. 61. In its efforts on behalf of workers, the National Labor Union won an eight-hour workday for government workers. 62. The Knights of Labor believed that conflict between capital and labor would disappear when labor would operate business and industries. 63. The most effective and most enduring labor union of the post-Civil War period was the American Federation of Labor. 64. By 1900, American attitudes toward labor began to change as the public came to recognize the right of workers to bargain collectively and strike. Nevertheless, the vast majority of employers continued to fight organized labor. 65. By 1900, organized labor in America had begun to develop a positive image with the public. 66. Historians critical of the captains of industry and capitalism concede that class-based protest has never been a powerful force in the U.S. because America has greater social mobility than Europe