18. After the rule of Napoleon, Louis XVIII returned France to pre-revolutionary conditions in certain aspects of society and politics. For example, Louis brought back restrictions to religion, Protestants were tormented for their faith. Louis accepted the Code that had been developed by Napoleon but banned divorce, although it had been permitted during the revolution. Louis restored Catholic superiority, this had a trickling effect on the doings of the revolution, restricting rights and restoring inequality.…
There were many positive aspects of Napoleon's reign. Napoleon had supported the changes brought about by the Revolution. He accepted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and did not restore feudalism. He improved the French system of laws by installing the Napoleonic Code, which made the laws more equal. Napoleon also increased the French education by establishing public high schools, universities, and trade schools. He also used his incredible gift of persuasion in order to assuage the Roman Catholic Church and replaced the Civil Constitution of the Clergy with the Concordat, which also allowed religious freedom. He also used these exceptional gifts to disband the alliances that arose against France.…
During napoleon’s rule religion was thought to be the best way to control the motives of the people. thus napoleon made peace with the church thinking that religion would help people accept economic inequalities.The pope renounced claims to church property that had been seized during the french revolt and the french government received power to nominate or depose bishops. But in return priest who had resisted the civil constitutions of the clergy would replace those who had sworn oath to the state. the clergy was also allowed to reopen church seminaries. the revolutionary calendar was also replaced with the christian calendar.…
Matching Match each term with the correct statement below. a. abdicate d. sans-culottes b. deficit spending e. suffrage c. plebiscite ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Spending more money than is taken in Working-class revolutionaries The right to vote Ballot in which voters say yes or no to an issue To give up power Match each person with the correct statement below. a. Napoleon d. Olympe de Gouges b. Jacques Louis David e. Clemens von Metternich c. Maximilien Robespierre ____ 6. ____ 7. ____ 8. ____ 9. ____ 10. Jacobin revolutionary who led the Reign of Terror French journalist who demanded equal rights for women Leading painter during the French Revolution French emperor who dominated Europe in the early 1800s Austrian prince who wanted to restore the status quo of 1792 at the Congress of Vienna Match each term with the correct statement below. a. blockade d. nationalism b. bourgeoisie e. sans-culottes c. émigré ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. The wealthiest members of the Third Estate A person who fled revolutionary France to live in another country Radical working-class men and women A feeling of pride in, and intense devotion to, one’s country A military tactic through which ports are shut off to keep people or supplies from moving in or out Match each person with the correct statement below. a. Louis XVI d. Olympe de Gouges b. Clemens von Metternich e. Robespierre c. Napoleon ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. “Let all three estates list their grievances to me.” “Lives must be sacrificed for liberty.” “Woman’s rights are the same as those of man.” “I love power as a musician loves his violin.” “Monarchy is the only way to save Europe from the ravages of nationalism.”…
Politically: France before the Revolution was a monarchy, that is, hereditary rule, as was most of Europe. The Revolution literally threw off the monarchy and embraced the notion of a Republic. In doing so, they beheaded their king, Louis XVI. The revolutions proclaimations, embodied in the document "Declaration of the Rights of Man" threatened every other monarchy in Europe. Republican governments are representative, wherein they are chosen by at least some of the people. The kings and nobles of 18th century Europe were afraid of being overthrown. 2. Socially: Of Frances 26 million inhabitants in 1789, about 90% were poor peasants and farmers. The rest were either the nobility or the clergy. In fact, the very imbalance of the country socially begged for revolt. Each stratum of the society was called by one of three estates. The Nobility, including royalty, was the Second Estate, the clergy and the Church was the First Estate, and all of the rest of the people were the Third Estate. After the Revolution all offices were open to those with the most talent. This was never more true than during the First Empire, when Napoleon's many Codes were written and enforced in France. In fact, the Code Napoleon still exists as part of the legal structure of several European nations today. But privilege was looked down upon, and merit was gained by talent. 3. Economically: In this respect there was change on several levels. For one thing, the new government had to command revenues in a…
The Napoleonic era began in 1799 with Bonaparte’s coup d’état, which overthrew the Directory and by that established him to be the youngest new French Consulate in the history. In France, Napoleon showed to be an organizational genius as he worked to restore unity, peace and order to post-Revolution France. At that time he also worked to improve the relations to the catholic church as it was the leading religion in France.…
There has not been a man so widely interpreted as Napoleon in European history. His early heroic reputation is questioned because of other dictators who went down the same path as he did but for other reasons, such as Stalin and Mussolini. The French Revolution had three goals, liberty, equality, and fraternity, and to make it truly successful these goals must be achieved. Freeing the French, making them equal within themselves, and unifying them, is what Emperor Bonaparte strived for with the Napoleonic Code. Although most believe he did not acquire Liberty, they are content with his achievements. Napoleon not only finished the revolution, he finished with what everyone expected, the demise of the King and the equality among all people. Napoleon truly is "the debate…
The French revolution started when France went far into debt because they have spent too much money on wars like the Seven Years War, and the king was not able to fund the country. He tried raising the taxes on the lower class of peasants, they were even taxed for…
The French Revolution was a time of sweeping social and political change in France that kept going from 1789 until 1799, and was mostly conveyed forward by Napoleon amid the later development of the French Empire. The Revolution toppled the government, set up a republic, experienced fierce times of political turmoil, lastly finished in an autocracy under Napoleon that quickly conveyed a large number of its standards to Western Europe and past. Motivated by liberal and radical thoughts, the Revolution significantly modified the course of cutting edge history, setting off the worldwide decrease of outright governments while supplanting them with republics and liberal democracies. Through the Revolutionary Wars, it unleashed a rush of worldwide…
The French Revolution of 1789 consisted of many aspects which led to the movement. Both long-term and immediate causes bequeathed to its triumph. The Enlightenment bestowed a new concept of government and society. America also influenced the nation’s controversial revolt.…
There were many issues that led up to the French Revolution. For example, the unfair tax burden. According to Document two, the Third Estate paid all of the government taxes. There were three estates. The 1st estate was all of the clergy; they had wealth because they collected taxes from the 3rd estate and they also owned land. They had power, food, liberty, and freedom. The 2nd estate was the rich titled nobility. They derived their wealth from land ownership, and they collected some taxes. They also had power, food, and freedom. The 3rd estate was separated into three different classes. The Bourgeoisie was the highest of the third estate; they had cash wealth since they were made up of the merchants, bankers, and artisans. The Bourgeoisie paid very high taxes, and had very little power, they had a food supply, but they had no power. The peasant farmers, and the city workers had no wealth, power, or liberty, and they had to pay taxes. The 1st and 2nd estate only took up about 3% of the population. The Bourgeoisie thought that the taxes were unfair to the entire 3rd estate. Document three explained how a peasant had 7 children, and couldn’t support her family, but she still had to pay taxes. This shows how unfair the tax burden was.…
Napoleon has been described as the last of the “enlightened despots,” or as a “child of the enlightenment.” These statements can be considered accurate because Napoleon Bonaparte reconstructed France during the French Revolution. Even though he became a military dictator, before that he was able to equalize rights, create a new banking system, and build up the government, education system, and churches.…
Economy was the dominant factor concerning the Revolution. It was the main and the most influential issue that was continuously an explosive element through much of the French Revolution. The French had collected a huge national debt, which they had no means of taking care of. France had the option to declare bankruptcy, lessening their overall payment on their debt, but the once powerful country was too weak and maybe even too prideful to go through with the action. Along with having an increased financial obligation, France had little to no way of paying off the debt. Even though half of France’s annual budget went to paying off debt, it still wasn’t enough. France had no central bank, no paper currency, and no means of creating…
The Concordat of 1801 was Napoleon’s agreement with Pope Pius VII that both conciliated the revolutionaries and made the Roman Catholic Church the majority church in France. The Concordat allowed Napoleon to gain the approval of French Catholics while establishing control over Rome in a political sense. The provisos of the Concordat were quite simple. It was declared that Catholicism was the majority religion of France, but not the state religion, therefore still allowing religious freedom. The church could worship in public as long as the local mayor agreed and there were police present.…
The world has seen many revolutions in history. One of the biggest revolutions was the French Revolution because it came with many consequences and influences. Nothing else like this had ever happened this powerful to change the political status quo. Many people surprisingly don’t know how the French Revolution started but through this paper we will be learning more about it. Starting in 1789 through 1794 the people of France dethroned and arrested their king Louis XVI, took apart his monarchy, and executed him, his wife, and thousands of nobles. The French people then set up a new system of government on concepts of popular rule, personal liberty, and equal justice for all to replace their old leaders. This was a new start for France and would hopefully put them in the position they wanted to be in as a country.…