Exhaust Gas Filter for Mufflers with Coconut (Cocos Nucifera) Fibers and Granular Activated Carbon from Rice (Oryza Sativa) Hull
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Background of the Study
Air is a precious resource that most of us take for granted. Air supplies us with oxygen, which is essential for our bodies to live. Without it, we would die within minutes. Pure air is a mixture of several gases that are invisible and odourless. It consists of about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and less than 1% of argon, carbon dioxide, and other gases — as well as varying amounts of water vapour.
Pollution is one of the major problems of our country. Air pollution is the introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulates, or biological materials that cause discomfort, disease, or death to humans, damage other living organisms such as food crops, or damage the natural environment or built environment. One of the causes is the exhaust gases emitted by vehicles. These gases are particulate matter (PM), hydrocarbons (HCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), hazardous air pollutants and greenhouse gases.
Some of these gases like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides can be adsorbed by coconut fibers. Coconut fibers have a lot of pores that could actually trap the exhausted or emitted gases of vehicles. Activated carbon is also a material used to filter harmful chemicals from contaminated water and air. It is composed of black granules of coal, wood, nutshells or other carbon-rich materials. As contaminated water or air flows through activated carbon, the contaminants stick to the surface of the granules and are removed from the water or air. Granular activated carbon (GAC) can treat a wide range of contaminant vapors. Known to be an effective activated carbon, rice hull was used in studies that include the aforementioned sample.
Because of the problems in the environment and the availability of the samples that can solve it, this encouraged the researchers to invent an exhaust gas filter with coconut fibers and granular activated carbon from rice hull.
Statement
Introduction
Background of the Study
Air is a precious resource that most of us take for granted. Air supplies us with oxygen, which is essential for our bodies to live. Without it, we would die within minutes. Pure air is a mixture of several gases that are invisible and odourless. It consists of about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and less than 1% of argon, carbon dioxide, and other gases — as well as varying amounts of water vapour.
Pollution is one of the major problems of our country. Air pollution is the introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulates, or biological materials that cause discomfort, disease, or death to humans, damage other living organisms such as food crops, or damage the natural environment or built environment. One of the causes is the exhaust gases emitted by vehicles. These gases are particulate matter (PM), hydrocarbons (HCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), hazardous air pollutants and greenhouse gases.
Some of these gases like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides can be adsorbed by coconut fibers. Coconut fibers have a lot of pores that could actually trap the exhausted or emitted gases of vehicles. Activated carbon is also a material used to filter harmful chemicals from contaminated water and air. It is composed of black granules of coal, wood, nutshells or other carbon-rich materials. As contaminated water or air flows through activated carbon, the contaminants stick to the surface of the granules and are removed from the water or air. Granular activated carbon (GAC) can treat a wide range of contaminant vapors. Known to be an effective activated carbon, rice hull was used in studies that include the aforementioned sample.
Because of the problems in the environment and the availability of the samples that can solve it, this encouraged the researchers to invent an exhaust gas filter with coconut fibers and granular activated carbon from rice hull.
Statement
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