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escalation of commitment

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escalation of commitment
Summary / Abstract

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Contents Page
Literature Review

The theoretical background to this paper is devided into several part in the main body. Drummond (2012), Bazerman &Moore(2009), Staw & Ross (1987) Escalation of commitment is the tendency that decision maker continue to invest a negative feedback or unpredictable project in oreder to persist previous decision.(self-justification explanation) Shepherd, D.A., Zacharakis, A. L., Cable,D.M. and Shane, S. . Etc., stated Escalation of commitment is an difficult situation that require decision maker to make a right decision for next course of action when received negative feedback about previous decision because there are too many factors can influence decision making. Staw B.M., Koput K.W. & Barsade S.G.,. (1997) that there are e 4 main causes of escalation of commotion, Psychological, Social, Economic and Organizational.

Background

Britain’s High Speed 2 (HS2) project has becoming more and more controversial today. Greening (2013) said this national high-speed rail network project has included 3 phase, the first railway network phase will run between London and Birmingham. The running speed will be around 250 MPH, which will save one and half hour journey time when compare to normal train. Phase 2 will extend line from Birmingham to Manchester and Leeds. BBC and greening (2013) has also announced that the estimated cost for this high-speed railway has reached about 42.6 bn. The UK government also stated that there are huge benefit will be returned, such as, economic growth, creating jobs, increasing national competitiveness etc.. However there



Bibliography: Rowell, D. M. . (2003). Concorde: An untimely and unnecessary demise.. Available: http://www.thetravelinsider.info/2003/0411.htm. Last accessed 18th Oct 2013. Zacharakis, A.L. & Meyer, G.D. (2000). The potential of actuarial decision models: Can they improve the venture capital investment decision, Journal of Business, 15: p320-325. Theresa F. K., and Katherine L. M.,. (2009). ESCALATION OF COMMITMENT:Patterns of Retrospective Rationality . Available: opim.wharton.upenn.edu/~kmilkman/2011_10_23_escalation_FINAL.pdf‎. Last accessed 19th Oct 2013. Drummond H., (2012). Guide to Decision Making Getting it more right than wrong. london: Profile Books Ltd. p125. Drummond H., (2012). Guide to Decision Making Getting it more right than wrong. london: Profile Books Ltd. p135. Staw B.M., Koput K.W. & Barsade S.G.,. (1997). Escalation at the credit window: A longitudinal study of bank executives ' recognition and write-off of problem loans. . Journal of Applied Psychology. 82: (3), p120-134. Lunnenburg F.,C.,. (2010). Escalation of commitment:Patterns of Retrospective Rationality . International Journal of Management, Business And Administration . 13 (1), 2. Ross, J., & Staw, B. M. . (1993). Organizational escalation and exit: Lessons from the Shoreham nuclear power plant. . Academy of Management Journal. 36, (4), 701-732.. Cable,D.M. & Shane, S. . (1997). A prisoner 's dilemma approach to entrepreneur-venture capitalist relationships.. Academy of Management Review. 22 (2), 142-176.. Shepherd, D.A. & Zacharakis, A.L. (2002). Venture capitalists ' expertise: A call for research into decision aids and cognitive feedback. Journal of Business Venturing, 17: 1-20. Drummond H., (2012). Guide to Decision Making Getting it more right than wrong. london: Profile Books Ltd. p131. Bazerman M. H., & Moore, D. A.,(2009) Judgment in Managerial Decision Making, New York, John Wiley, Chapter 6. P331-341 Staw, B Greening J., (2012). High Speed Rail: Investing in Britain’s Future – Decisions and Next Steps. Available: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/3648/hs2-decisions-and-next-steps.pdf. Last accessed 15th Oct 2013. BBC. (2013). HS2 opponents risk country 's future - David Cameron. Available: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-24800117. Last accessed 17th Oct 2013. Drummond, H. (1996) Escalation in Decision Making: the Tragedy of Taurus, Oxford, Oxford University. See introductory chapters especially. Drummond, H Drummond, H. (1991) 'Are good leaders decisive? ' Management Decision, 29, 4-9. Bowen, M. G. (1987) 'The escalation phenomenon reconsidered: decision dilemmas or decision errors, ' Academy of Management Review, 12, 52-66.

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