Environmentalists vs Economists

| Environmentalists | Economists | Global | 1) Developing countries most damaged: * - Relocated production * - Outdated equipment * | 1) Industrialization +Diversification of the economy * Welfare 2) Relocated production stimulates economic growth and thus assists socio-economic equality of the nations | | 2) Developed countries also suffer | 3) economic forces that create the wealth of developed countries can solve their environmental troubles to solve real environmental innovation is needed—finding new ways to produce goods and services, package and deliver them to consumers, and dispose of or recycle the wastes generated by their own production or by consumption | | 4) Global warming(climate change) * - negative impact on human health, biodiversity * - hazard of natural disaster * | “Industry in the developing countries has a special opportunity. Because it is making new, ‘greenfield’ investments [investing in undeveloped and often unpolluted land], it can leap a stage and go straight to the best modern practice. | | 5) Resource depletion * - Lack of resources -> economic collapse in countries rich in resources and dependent on them -Lifestyle disruption * -political instability (wars for the rest of resources) | The Republicans’ chief concern is the EPA’s authority, as affirmed by the Supreme Court in 2007, to regulate emissions of greenhouse gases. But more broadly they worry that the EPA is constantly tightening restrictions on pollution, at ever higher cost to business but with diminishing returns in terms of public health. They point to a slew of new rules about industrial boilers, cooling water at power plants, the disposal of coal ash, and emissions of mercury, ozone and other chemicals from smokestacks, which cumulatively, they say, will have a crippling effect on power generation and other industries. “Even God,” says Joe Barton, a Republican congressman, “couldn’t meet some of the ozone standards.” | | 6) Toxic chemicals * Provokes cancer and other deseases-> less labour force & high medical costs + terrestrial ecosystems6)there are alternative economic development strategies:downtown redevelopment, freeway planning, public-private partnerships, enterprise zones, smokestack-chasing7) Air and water pollution do not recognize borders; poor soil conditions in one nation may reduce another country’s food supply | 4)Unconventional growth strategies need lots of funds, permanent investments and innovation and eco-efficient production facilities (which most developing countries do not have) and often reveal ineffective5) poor environmental condition of communist nations is the evidence of the inability of government regulations to conserve the environment | National | 1) Manufacturing pollutes the environment there are several options: -clean up the production- limit the waste - to close down2) cities are consumers of resources and producers of wastes. The city is in competition with nature for scarce resources and land, and always poses a threat to nature. Space is the ecological space of greenways, river basins, ecological niches.3) companies are more likely to be motivated by the quest for profit than a desire to preserve the environment. A better way to improve the environment is to rely on a country’s indigenous values, many people maintain. For example, some environmentalists believe that the religious traditions of India promote ecologically friendly values, including vegetarianism and a moderate use of resources. They also prefer traditional agricultural methods, which do not rely on pesticides and chemical fertilizers and therefore do not cause groundwater pollution. | 1) Economy builds up on production!restrictions on manufacture decrease the competitiveness of the economy and can even lead to its collapse + it’s merely uneconomical * 2)city is in competition with other cities for markets and for new industries. * Space is the economic space of highways, market areas, and commuter zones. 2) More production-less unemployment – support for the poor 3) achieving the reduced emission levels could hurt the nation’s economy. For example, some American analysts contend, companies might move their plants to developing nations, causing job losses in the United States. Moreover, they argue, emission controls could cause U.S. oil and gas prices to rise. * | Local | * People are going to stay away from environmentally damaged area * But in case they stay, they suffer from urban heat island effect -> damaged health, greater energy * consumption + foul odors * Sick building syndrome (SBS) * The creation of pollution-producing jobs aggravate the ecological situation in region | * Creation of jobs * More goods * Development of infrastructure * If the economy of a region is weak people also would leave it to find better job and to earn more money in other (even polluted) cities + some regions need extensive production to develop and flour |