Emission Factors for Motorcycles in Hanoi

ESTIMATING EMISSION FACTORS FOR MOTORCYCLES
IN REAL-WORLD TRAFFIC CONDITIONS OF HANOI

TA HUONG THU, LE ANH TUAN, NGHIEM TRUNG DUNG
Hanoi University of Technology

I. INTRODUCTION
According to National State of Environment 2007 (Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment), the traffic activities caused 85% CO and 95% VOCs of total emissions in the whole country. Hanoi, with 1.8 millions motorcycles (until June 2007), is now facing with serious air pollution problem [1]. Estimating emission factors of vehicles to calculate total emissions and to serve emission inventories, has great significance for air quality management.
In developed countries, by fully worked-out data system of traffic conditions as well as vehicular types, not only emission factors databank, but also statistics about vehicles, has been developed completely through main methods such as: totaling up the numbers of vehicles and experimenting with specific types of vehicles on test beds following given driving cycles; building emission models; or on-road data-based measuring…
While doing emission inventories in Hanoi, authorities taking responsibility for management and environmental experts have met a lot of difficulties due to the lack of database. For the exhaust from motorcycles, research about emission factors is in a deep shortage. Until now, researchers only focus on referring emission factors from other countries (e.g. emission factors of USEPA). Specific data are not available at this moment because there has not been any reliable measurement about different vehicular types.
The fact shows that, along with the break out of the number of motorcycles in Hanoi, it is very necessary and pressing to set up a set of emission factors for motorcycles. This set needs to be specific for real-world traffic conditions of the city. Due to the limit of time and expenditure, research scope is narrowed into old area of Hanoi (before expanding on August 1st 2008). It also focuses on

References: [1]. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, 2007, National State of the Environment 2007, Hanoi. [2]. US. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997, Procedures for Preparing Emission Factor Documents, USA. [3]. Alper Unal, 2002, On-board Measurement and Analysis of On-road Vehicle Emissions, North Carolina State University, USA. [4]. Le Anh Tuan, et.al., 2009, Report of the project: Development of Hanoi real world driving cycle for motorcycle and pilot emission factors for motorcycles, code: 01C-09/05-2008-02, Hanoi University of Technology. [5]. Jose Luis Jimenez – Palacios, 1999, Understanding and Quantifying Motor Vehicle Emissions with Vehicle Specific Power and TILDAS Remote Sensing, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, USA. [6]. Lee Shipper, Tuan Le Anh, et.al., 2008. Measuring the Invisible: Quantifying Emissions Reductions From Transport Solution, Hanoi Case Study, available at http://www.wri.org/publication/measuring-the-invisible-hanoi, World Resources Institute, USA.