Digestive System Lab

Introduction
The Digestive system breaks down the ingested food into absorbable forms of nutrients and absorbs nutrients, ions and water from the external environment of the body. It is designed to maximize digestion and absorption. The functional structures of the digestive system are the passage, the glands like salivary glands, gastric glands, pancreatic, intestinal glands and liver. Also, the four layers of the digestive system are mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa. The digestive system is regulated both by the Autonomic system and the Enteric nervous system. The major functions of the Digestive system are; passage and breakdown of food, destruction of ingested bacteria, viruses and toxins, Absorption of nutrients, Elimination of
In the first part of the lab, we prepared a salivary amylase solution and aggregated acetic acid to detect the presence of mucin. Then, 4 test tubes were made of the following: Tube 1 = 3 ml starch + water + 37 degrees water bath; Tube 2 = 3 ml starch + saliva in water bath; Tube 3 = 3 ml starch (cooled) + 3 ml saliva (cooled) in ice bath; Tube 4 = 3 ml starch + 3 ml saliva 5 drops conc. HCL in water bath. An incubation period of 1 hour was followed and each was tested for starch and maltose. A similar procedure was repeated with pepsin, with the test tubes prepared as follows: Tube 1 = 5 ml pepsin 5% soln + 5 ml HCL (0.5)%; Tube 2 = 5 ml pepsin (5% soln)+ water 5 ml; Tube 3 = 5 ml HCL (0.5%) + 5 ml of water; Tube 4 = 5 ml pepsin 5% soln) + 5 ml NAOH (0.5%). Lastly, the above procedure was repeated with
Results:

Tube Starch Maltose Explanation
Water (+) (-) A reddish brown color identifies the presence of starch.
Saliva (-) (+)(+) An orange-yellowish color identifies the presence of maltose
Cooled Saliva (-) (+)(+) An orange-yellowish color identifies the presence of maltose
Saliva, HCl (+) (+) Brown greenish color indicates the presence of both starch and maltose.

Tube Estimated Digestion Explanation
Pepsin,HCl 80 % Based on the pH we notice that 40 % of the substance was digested
Pepsin, water 40% Based on the pH we notice that 80 % of the substance was digested
HCl, water 30 % Based on the pH we notice that 30 % of the substance was digested
Pepsin, NaOH 20 % Based on the pH we notice that 20 % of the substance was digested

Tube Estimated Digestion Explanation
Trypsin,HCl 100 % Based on the pH we notice that 100 % of the substance was digested
Trypsin, water 20% Based on the pH we notice that 20 % of the substance was digested
HCl, water 40 % Based on the pH we notice that 40 % of the substance was digested
Trypsin, NaOH 10 % Based on the pH we notice that 10 % of the substance was digested