1. Antonio- Antonio is the main character of the novel, and goes through moral questioning throughout the book questioning what’s good and bad, as well as his religion.…
those who say everything is well are uttering mere stupidities; they should say everything is for the best. Candide lives in the castle of the baron of Thunder-ten-tronckh in Westphalia. Candide is the illegitimate son of the baron’s sister. His mother refused to marry his father because his father’s family tree could only be traced through “seventy-one quarterings.” The castle’s tutor, Pangloss, teaches “metaphysico-theologo-cosmolo-nigology” and believes that this world is the “best of all possible worlds.” Candide listens to Pangloss with great attention and faith. Miss Cunégonde, the baron’s daughter, spies Pangloss and a maid, Paquette, engaged in a lesson in “experimental physics.” Seized with the desire for knowledge, she hurries to find Candide. They flirt and steal a kiss behind a screen. The baron catches them and banishes Candide.…
Francois-Marie Arouet goes by the pen name of Voltaire. He is a French Enlightenment writer and philosopher whose works have become famous because of his wit. He is an advocate for freedom of religion, expression, and also fought for the separation of church and state. One of Voltaire’s most famous works is a satire called Candide. The novel starts out when the two main characters Candide and Cunegonde fall in love. When Cunegonde’s father finds out, he banishes Candide. This propels Candide on a dangerous and exciting journey. Through Candide’s global journey, Voltaire critiques European society mainly through their religious…
Candide's philosophy does not only apply to himself, but to everyone. He feels that accomplishing something gives your life a purpose. If your life has a purpose…
The phrase taught by Pangloss and repeated by his disciples(Candide and Cunégonde), “the best of all possible worlds”(Voltaire) is juxtaposed to the worst possible situations and events. The story begins in a utopian castle and the first instance of tragedy is when Candide is banished from Thunder-ten-tronckh for kissing Cunégonde. But Candide is quick to regain his belief that everything is in fact, for the best because a few men offer to dine…
Candide is a young man who is educated by the optimistic philosopher Pangloss. Pangloss believes that everything in the world happens for the better, because “things cannot be other than what they are, for since everything is made for an end, everything is necessarily for the best end” (42). As various unfortunate situations occur throughout the story, Pangloss defends his theory by determining the positive from negative situations. For this reason, Pangloss is a very hopeful character in the story because he refuses to accept evil.…
Mill’s perspective on the human condition is one that I favor immensely opposed to Schopenhauer, because it displays an appreciation for what it means to be a human in its truest form. The fact that we are able to innately enjoy pleasures and reflect on the experience is unique and should be valued. Furthermore, we also are capable of enduring mental suffering and advancing through the struggle as a better being on the other side. Both of these situations effectively demonstrate the privilege we are granted by being human. In this paper I will present why Mill makes a strong argument for this case, and also contribute some of my own ideas to towards the concept.…
Sir Isaac Newton- Mechanical science. All truth found in nature, rejection of supernatural religion. Emphasis is placed on principles of deduction (1687)…
"The Enlightenment era" was the name of a movement which embodied the power of reason and rational thought. Most enlightened thinkers attacked the nobility, the church, and the belief in petty fallacies and fears. Candide reflects the thoughts and sentiments of Voltaire who is considered to be a truly enlightened thinker. This paper will further analyze the character Candide, and Voltaire's usage of the novel to present his views on blind optimism and the double standards of religion.…
Candide, who believes these teachings as he starts out in his life, comes into contact with many horrors and hardships because he never does anything to help himself for he believes that everything that happens is for the best and that everything will work out. It is only at the end of his journeys that he finally turns to Pangloss and says, "That is well said, but we must cultivate our garden." The characters of the story are all representative of the folly in optimism and religion. Candide and Pangloss are the optimists who maintain that "everything is for the best" despite witnessing horrible events, seemingly one after another. Robbed, beaten, cheated, and even executed the enthusiastic optimists patiently endure and carry on assuming that it all serves a purpose unbeknownst to them. The gullibility of these characters reaches an almost annoying level, a surefire attempt of the author to point out the foolishness in blindly following without first questioning the quest. Contrasting this mentality are the pessimistic characters, portrayed more as realists than as misanthropes. The old woman, Cacambo, and Martin have experienced firsthand the severe ups and downs of life, and they end up taking a more somber view of existence than do the optimists. Voltaire…
Voltaire’s novella, Candide, uses satire to discuss and criticise philosophical Optimism, the prevalent Catholic philosophy during his time period, the Enlightenment era. Voltaire himself was known to oppose this theory, and employed caricatural figures in his writing, such as the characters of Pangloss and Martin, to mock the ideas that they stand for. The old woman, as a character, is not a protagonist nor does she show up particularly frequently in the text, but she is significant to the theme of the story. In Candide, Voltaire uses the character of the old woman to contradict the Optimism/Pessimism of Pangloss/Martin and develop a theme that the best philosophy is one that accepts the evil in the world yet perseveres in spite of it.…
The character Macedo from the story A Canary’s Ideas relates how a bird became pretty much a prisoner after having to land on the floor from being freely in the air. Macedo tries to make the reader understand the meaning of life. Macedo seems to be a simple character in the way that he is a smart person that likes studying and that is a responsible for whatever he does. Macedo can be well compared to Elie Wiesel from the story Night. This would be simply because as the story Night says how Wiesel is strong to what he goes through in life.…
Human dreams of achievement, recognition, wealth and the pursuit of happiness often bring misery, rejection, irresponsibility, unethical choices and sometimes death. Attempting to fulfill those dreams can bring arrogance that blinds our vision to reality and the choices made eliminate right and wrong from our hearts or minds. In Frankenstein, the monster learns to be human by reading, _The Sorrows of Young Werther_, written by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. "Must it ever be thus, -- that the source of our happiness must also be the fountain of our misery?" (von Goethe, Book I, August 18). Frankenstein went beyond the boundaries of science…
This paper will deal with the claim that eternal happiness can be obtained by way of subjective reflection, rather than objective reflection, which is found in Soren Kierkegaard's Concluding Unscientific Postscript To Philosophical Fragments. Writing under the pseudonym of Johannes Climacus, Kierkegaard discusses how eternal happiness can be achieved. Climacus' unique position and emphasis on the human being as an existing individual leads to his subjective basis for truth. I will begin by clarifying the terms Climacus uses in his argument, and then go on to defend his commendation of subjective reflection over objective reflection.…
(from Bertrande) “the new Martin […] was the more greatly to be treasured because of the shadow of sin and danger which accompanied it” (p. 46)…