Can Coal Be A Clean Fuel?
Index
Sl. No.
Topic
Page No.
1.
Introduction
3
2.
The LHC
4
3.
Design
5
4.
Cyclotron
7
5.
Mathematics
8
6.
Practical Applications
9
7.
Conclusion
13
8.
Acknowledgement
14
9.
Bibliography
14
“The beauty of living things is the atoms that go into it, but the way those atoms are put together.”
-Carl Sagan
Introduction
If, in some cataclysm, all of scientific knowledge was to be destroyed, and only one sentence passed on to the next generation of creatures, what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words?
To this question, Richard Feynman answered- I believe it is the atomic hypothesis that all things are made of atoms — little particles that move around in perpetual motion, …show more content…
Can coal be a clean fuel? Yes, if you attach an accelerator to the smokestack.
Burning coal produces flue gases like nitrogen and sulfur oxides: NO2, NO3, SO2, and SO3. When these gases react with atmospheric water, they turn into sulfuric and nitric acids such as H2SO4 or HNO3, eventually spilling back to earth as toxic acid rains. But when these oxides are mixed with ammonia (NH3) and exposed to electron beams, they can be turned into ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate, common fertilizers. The reaction creates dust-like particles that could be gathered with an electrostatic or centrifugal particle separator and put on the field.
Kephart sees the idea as an opportunity to make coal a cleaner fuel. “Even with the most optimistic projection of renewable energy sources and nuclear power, coal is likely to be providing 20 percent of our energy 20 years from now,” he says. “This is a way to make it more environmentally acceptable.” PAVAC, a company in British Columbia, Canada started by Ralf Edinger, is working on its first installation of this technology.
5. Antibiotics harm fish? Accelerators can turn pharmaceuticals into
Sl. No.
Topic
Page No.
1.
Introduction
3
2.
The LHC
4
3.
Design
5
4.
Cyclotron
7
5.
Mathematics
8
6.
Practical Applications
9
7.
Conclusion
13
8.
Acknowledgement
14
9.
Bibliography
14
“The beauty of living things is the atoms that go into it, but the way those atoms are put together.”
-Carl Sagan
Introduction
If, in some cataclysm, all of scientific knowledge was to be destroyed, and only one sentence passed on to the next generation of creatures, what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words?
To this question, Richard Feynman answered- I believe it is the atomic hypothesis that all things are made of atoms — little particles that move around in perpetual motion, …show more content…
Can coal be a clean fuel? Yes, if you attach an accelerator to the smokestack.
Burning coal produces flue gases like nitrogen and sulfur oxides: NO2, NO3, SO2, and SO3. When these gases react with atmospheric water, they turn into sulfuric and nitric acids such as H2SO4 or HNO3, eventually spilling back to earth as toxic acid rains. But when these oxides are mixed with ammonia (NH3) and exposed to electron beams, they can be turned into ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate, common fertilizers. The reaction creates dust-like particles that could be gathered with an electrostatic or centrifugal particle separator and put on the field.
Kephart sees the idea as an opportunity to make coal a cleaner fuel. “Even with the most optimistic projection of renewable energy sources and nuclear power, coal is likely to be providing 20 percent of our energy 20 years from now,” he says. “This is a way to make it more environmentally acceptable.” PAVAC, a company in British Columbia, Canada started by Ralf Edinger, is working on its first installation of this technology.
5. Antibiotics harm fish? Accelerators can turn pharmaceuticals into