19th Century European Urbanization
During the late 19th century, Europeans saw an increase in industrialization, this time having no gaps between Britain and the rest of the continent. New political parties, socialist groups, and trade unions emerged. Urban life was predominant. Despite persisting traditional political and social views, late 19th century Europeans realized more government participation and an advancement for previously ignored or persecuted minority groups. Politically, Europe experienced change when the government participated more actively in the lives of the general populous. One of the chief causes of this were the growing city concerns. With the increasing urbanization came overcrowding, specifically in Paris. The city’s streets had provided battlegrounds
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In 1782, Joseph II issued a decree that placed the Jews of his empire under the same laws as Christians. In 1789, the National Assembly in France recognized Jews as French citizens. During the time of the Napoleonic wars, Jewish communities in Italy and Germany were allowed to mix with the Christian population. This emancipation of European Jews was a huge change coming from being a segregated group to being nearly equal to other groups in citizenship. This led to the birth of Zionism, a movement within the Jewish community that was initially a minority. It gained popularity as people believed that their communities would remain safe under the liberal legal protections that had been extended to them. Women had always been a minority, and at this point they still were. However, there were many feminist movements at this time that gained popularity. One of the most advanced movements was the National Union of Women’s Suffrage Society in Great Britain led by Millicent Fawcett. It rallied almost a half a million women in London. Similar to that, another minority group that gained popularity during this time were suffragettes, or women who were seeking the right to vote. Later in history, they did eventually gain that right in 1918 in Great Britain. Despite all of these rising feminist groups, it was undeniable that women were still a minority. In many cases, they still had to rely on their husband and didn’t have a job during the time they were married. Their role only as a wife and mother in charge of the home carried on throughout this time
In 1782, Joseph II issued a decree that placed the Jews of his empire under the same laws as Christians. In 1789, the National Assembly in France recognized Jews as French citizens. During the time of the Napoleonic wars, Jewish communities in Italy and Germany were allowed to mix with the Christian population. This emancipation of European Jews was a huge change coming from being a segregated group to being nearly equal to other groups in citizenship. This led to the birth of Zionism, a movement within the Jewish community that was initially a minority. It gained popularity as people believed that their communities would remain safe under the liberal legal protections that had been extended to them. Women had always been a minority, and at this point they still were. However, there were many feminist movements at this time that gained popularity. One of the most advanced movements was the National Union of Women’s Suffrage Society in Great Britain led by Millicent Fawcett. It rallied almost a half a million women in London. Similar to that, another minority group that gained popularity during this time were suffragettes, or women who were seeking the right to vote. Later in history, they did eventually gain that right in 1918 in Great Britain. Despite all of these rising feminist groups, it was undeniable that women were still a minority. In many cases, they still had to rely on their husband and didn’t have a job during the time they were married. Their role only as a wife and mother in charge of the home carried on throughout this time