Discuss the decline of the Mughal Empire. To what extent do you agree that the downfall of the Mughal Empire was caused by the agrarian crisis of the 17th and 18th century? AGRARIAN CRISIS OF MUGHAL EMPIRE by IRFAN HABIB: Various explanations are put forward for the revolts which brought about the collapse of the Mughal Empire. There has existed for a long time the thesis of “Hindu Reaction” as the main factor behind the revolts against Aurangzeb. Its proponents tent‚ however‚ to rely
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Introduction: A great step was taken in the Indian legal history when the supreme court of judicature was created at Calcutta under the regulating act of 1773. Bengal‚ Bihar and Orissa were in the grip of confusion‚ chaos and anarchy after the battle of plassey. The company’s servants exploited the people‚ amassed the wealth and returned to England. All servants high or low suffered from one obsession only how to achieve easy fortune in India and return to England as soon as possible. These people
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of indigenous industries‚ the failure of modern industries to replace them‚ high taxation‚ the drain of wealth to Britain and a backward agrarian structure leading to the stagnation of agriculture and the exploitation of the poor peasants by the zamindars‚ landlords‚ princes‚ moneylenders‚ merchants and the state gradually reduced the Indian people to extreme poverty and prevented them from progressing. Indian economic backwardness and poverty were not due to the niggardliness of nature. They were
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The financial crisis was initiated due to the expansion of the empire‚ and catalyzed when Nadir Shah invaded Delhi to take away grand amounts of wealth. The revolts led by various zamindars and subadars also provided issues to the Mughal rule. Throughout the 18th century‚ the power shifted from the Mughal emperor to smaller regional groups‚ hence the balance of power existed. Further throughout the 18th century‚ the economy did well
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The history of Land Administration dates back to the olden days of kings and Kingdoms. The Land Revenue was the major source of revenue for the kings. The present system of preparing and maintaining land records originated from the Moghul period and it reached its scientific form during the British rule. During the British times the Revenue Department was the pivot of Administration. The Board of Revenue that wielded extraordinary powers administered it. The Collector was the virtual monarch at
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Guided by: G. B. Dash Sir Processed by: Shivam Nayak Class- 8th ‘C’ Roll Number- 33 1. A Brief Description of the following: (a) Election An election is a formal decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative
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Ottoman Empire Vs. Mughal Empire The Ottoman and Mughal empires were two of the most successful empires to ever come together. However‚ in their dominance there was many similarities as well as differences. Both went through their share of struggle. Whether through political‚ religious‚ or cultural struggle the two empires had to rely on their emperors for guidance and rule. The Ottomans were amid the Turkic-speaking nomadic people who had spread westward from Central
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small plots of land to be cultivated which were‚ most of the time‚ owned by wealthy zamindars. Therefore farmers had no real ownership of land and even if they did‚ the plot of land would be very small. It is for this reason that the government introduced land reforms to abolish the zamindari system and allow farmers to own land. This reform was not much of a success as the farmers were so deeply indebted to the zamindars that there was no way to escape. The government also introduced a land ceiling
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systems of land settlement that were introduced by the colonial government‚ particularly the zamindari system. - The profit accruing out of the agriculture sector went to the zamindars instead of the cultivators. However‚ the zamindars‚ did nothing to improve the condition of agriculture. The main interest of the zamindars was only to collect rent regardless of the
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AGRARIAN REFORM Agrarian Reform is very significant for the economy of any country because more than half of the population is employed in the agricultural sector. Agriculture is the main source of livelihood especially for the developing countries. Reforms are important because they protect the rights of the farmers. Definition of Agrarian Reform Agrarian Reform could be defined as the rectification of the whole system of agriculture. It is normally done by the government where they redistribute
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