CHAPTER 3 Response surface methodology 3.1 Introduction Response surface methodology (RSM) is a collection of mathematical and statistical techniques for empirical model building. By careful design of experiments‚ the objective is to optimize a response (output variable) which is influenced by several independent variables (input variables). An experiment is a series of tests‚ called runs‚ in which changes are made in the input variables in order to identify the reasons for changes in
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Observation on U.S. Treasury Yields Date: Oct 10‚ 2012 Introduction In this paper‚ we establish three regression models on U.S. Treasury yields with two different maturities: three-month and one-year. Model 1 is to interpret the relationship between unemployment rates and the risk-free rates‚ which we choose the three-month T-bill interest rates. Model 2 is to evaluate the movement of short-term interest rates under pure expectation theory and liquidity premium theory as well as to compare
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The Role of Surface Engineering in the Automotive Industry The subject of surface engineering in the automotive industry has developed significantly in the last decade. A large driving force for the need for surface treatments has been energy consumption. 30 per cent of all energy consumed in the European Union derives from transportation activities‚ relying solely on fossil fuels. Due to this‚ and the push to reduce the emissions of polluting gases‚ car manufacturers must produce increasingly
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find the dimensions of the room. (iv) A river 2m deep and 45m wide is flowing at the rate of 3 km per hour. Find the volume of water that runs into the sea per minute. (v) A closed cylinder has diameter 8cm and height 10cm. Find its total surface area and volume. (vi) The volume of a metallic cylinder pipe is 748cm3 . Its length is 14 cm and external diameter 18cm. Find its thickness. (vii) A cylindrical bucket‚ 28cm in diameter 72cm high is full of water. The water is emptied into
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Design of Machine Elements‚ July - Nov 2013 Design of Machine Elements‚ July - Nov 2013 ME3350 Narasimhan Swaminathan: n.swaminathan@iitm.ac.in Indian Institute of Technology Madras - Chennai 600 036 1/83 Design of Machine Elements‚ July - Nov 2013 Outline 2/83 Design of Machine Elements‚ July - Nov 2013 Failure of materials Outline I 1 2 Failure of materials Classification Failure of Materials Ductile materials Von-mises criterion Factor of safety in Von-mises
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In Parts A and C‚ the relationship between surface area and volume was investigated. Plasticine was formed into a cube and a sphere; both shapes were cut in half. It was found that plasticine volume should not vary‚ two halves have a greater surface area than a whole‚ and cubes have a greater surface area than spheres of the same volume. In Part B‚ the relationship between diffusion and surface area to volume ratio was investigated. Three agar-phenolphthalein-sodium hydroxide cubes of different sizes
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Surface area / Volume ratio Experiment Introduction: The surface area to volume ratio in living organisms is very important. Nutrients and oxygen need to diffuse through the cell membrane and into the cells. Most cells are no longer than 1mm in diameter because small cells enable nutrients and oxygen to diffuse into the cell quickly and allow waste to diffuse out of the cell quickly. If the cells were any bigger than this then it would take too long for the nutrients and oxygen to diffuse into
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particles within the same body; adhesion is the interaction between the surfaces of different bodies. The force of cohesion in gases can be observed in the liquefaction (condensation) of a gas‚ which is the result of a number of molecules being pressed together to produce forces of attraction high enough to give a liquid structure. Cohesion in liquids is reflected in the surface tension caused by the unbalanced inward pull on the surface molecules‚ and also in the transformation of a liquid into a solid
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Problem Description: The main purpose of this report is to show how to solve a 3-D finite element model of a cantilever I-shape beam‚ which is subjected to two concentrated loads (P = 1600 lb.) at the flanges of the free end along z axis. In this assignment‚ a convergence study will be used to determine the convergence of the solution with respect to mesh refinement. In addition‚ it will be used to achieve an accurate solution for problems that have sufficiently dense mesh‚ which cannot be solve
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Alveolar Surface Tension and Surfactant in the Compliance of the Lungs Alveolar surface tension is important for the lungs to function efficiently. Surfactant is a lining in the alveoli made of lipids and proteins. Surface tension of the alveoli are important to keep the alveoli shape‚ but surfactant is needed to regulate surface tension. Also surface tension promotes movement of fluids across the alveolar membrane‚ therefore the surfactant also regulates the movement of fluids. Attraction of
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