healthy children at the same time should prompt the clinician to explore for all possible triggers of reactive arthritis. Common causes of enteric reactive arthritis are preceding infections attributable to Salmonella‚ Shigella‚ Campylobacter‚ and Yersinia. Clostridium difficile is an uncommon cause of reactive arthritis‚ but should be considered as part of the differential especially children with recent antibiotic use or colonic symptoms. Diarrhea caused by C-difficile is not necessary to be bloody
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The Varying Effects of Pollution on the Environment James Fields Indiana University Southeast Abstract This paper explores the varying effects of pollution on the environment and human interaction by explaining the history of human’s tendency to pollute and giving several examples that created many regulations that help in decreasing pollution. Many studies in this paper help to explain how pollution is directly related to human interaction such as the study by Keith Gaby that show a correlation
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Impact of the Black Death Week 5 paper for HIS 103 The Black Death‚ also known as the bubonic plague or Pasteurella pestis had several impacts on the population in its active years. The Black Death‚ also known as the bubonic plague or Pasteurella pestis had several impacts on the population in its active years. Theses effects summarize to a debilitating disease with physical as well as internal health effects‚ it affected more countries than common knowledge tells us‚ and it forced a significant
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Chapter 1 1. The scientist usually considered the first to see microorganisms‚ which he called "animalcules"‚ was A) Redi B) van Leeuwenhoek C) Pasteur D) Tyndall 2. The idea of Spontaneous Generation postulated that A) organisms could evolve into the next generation of organisms B) organisms could spontaneously combust C) organisms could spontaneously arise from other living organisms D) living organisms could spontaneously arise from non-living material 3. The work of Tyndall
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plague or “Black Death” killed almost 33 percent of the entire population of Europe when it struck between 1347 and 1350. It also affected millions in Asia and North Africa. Scientists believe that the plague was a zoonotic disease caused by Yersinia pestis bacterium and spread due to poor hygiene and fleas carried by rats. 3. Indian Famine In 1769 in India‚ a great famine took over ten million people’s lives. This was nearly one third of the population of India at the time. It was caused
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Bacteria have to developed a variety of mechanisms that allow them to enter the cells of their host‚ whether to replicate or to transmit the pathogen. One method of this is through pili. Pili are thin rods anchored to the outer membrane of bacteria with an adhesin at the tip. This adhesin is what gives the bacteria their binding specificity. Pili can serve a variety of roles such as‚ adhesion or the transfer of material during bacterial conjugation. Fimbria are a type of pili that are solely for
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MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE Measles: PARAMYXO VIRUS German measles: TOGA VIRUS Chicken pox: VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS Herpes zoster: HERPES ZOSTER VIRUS Scarlet fever: Group A HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS Scabies: SARCOPTES SCABIEI (itch mite) Bubonic plague: YERSINIA PESTIS Diphtheria: KLEBS LOEFFLER Pertussis: BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS Tuberculosis: MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS Typhoid: SALMONELLA TYPHI Cholera: VIBRIO CHOLERA Amoebiasis: ENTAMOEBA HYSTOLITICA Leptospirosis: LEPTOSPIRA Spirochete Schistosomiasis: Schistosoma
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phagocytic theory; cellular theory of vaccination • 1885‚ Pasteur discovered therapeutic vaccination; first report of live “attenuated” vaccine for rabies Historical Perspective • 1888‚ Pierre Roux & Alexander Yersin‚ Bacterial toxins (Yersinia pestis) • 1888‚ George Nuttall‚ Bactericidal action of blood • 1890‚ Emil von Behring and Kitasata introduced passive immunization into modern medicine; humoral theory of immunity • 1891‚ Robert Koch demonstrated the cutaneous (delayed-type) hypersensitivity
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(1999).Mechanisms of phagocytosis in macrophages.Annu. Rev. Immunol. 17‚ 593–623 Berggard‚ K Bengoechea‚ J. A.and Skurnik‚ M. (2000).Temperature-regulated efflux pump/potassiumantiporter system mediates resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptidesin Yersinia. MolMicrobiol37:67–80. Boman‚ H. G. (2003). Antibacterial peptides: basic facts and emerging concepts. J. Intern. Med. 254:197–215 Blystone S Cao‚ M.and Helmann‚ J. D. (2004). The Bacillus subtilisextracytoplasmic-function sigmaX factor regulatesmodification
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Learning objectives MGMT1001 – Principles of Management At the end of this session‚ students should be able to: At to: Assess Assess the nature and importance of the planning function Identify Identify and describe different types of goals and plans set in organisations. organisations. Identify Identify the major rules governing the planning function. function. Assess Assess the contingency factors and limitations associated with planning. planning. The Planning Function
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