Chapter 14 Commodity Taxation Reading • Essential reading – Hindriks‚ J and G.D. Myles Intermediate Public Economics. (Cambridge: MIT Press‚ 2005) Chapter 14. • Further reading – Diamond‚ P.A. and J.A. Mirrlees (1971) ‘Optimal taxation and public production 1: Production efficiency and 2: Tax rules’‚ American Economic Review‚ 61‚ 8—27 and 261—278. – Madden‚ D.‚ (1995) ‘An analysis of indirect tax reform in Ireland in the 1980s’‚ Fiscal Studies‚ 16‚ 18—37. – Murty‚ M.N. and R. Ray (1987)
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Jenny Xu Fighting Fire with Fire Following the rebellions of the mid-nineteenth century‚ the priority of self-strengthening China was manifested through three key ideas: Western military technology‚ Western knowledge‚ and complacency. Yung Wing’s statement that “it would be cheaper to have [machine shops] reproduced and multiplied in China” cites an economic reason for bringing Western technology to China (Doc. 9.2). When combined with Feng Guifen’s assertion‚ “we need… means to repel [the barbarians]
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Must Be Crazy This film was a mash up of three separate stories – the journey of a Bushman to the “end of the world‚” the romance between a researcher and a school teacher‚ and a group of revolutionaries fleeing persecution. The story begins with Xi and his tribe of Bushman members living well in the Kalahari Desert. These unique sets of individuals only wear a piece of cloth over their lower bodies and occasionally have a headpiece as well. They are happy since the gods have provided for them
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Experiment 9: THE TANGENT GALVANOMETER; PURPOSE: In this experiment we will measure the magnitude of the horizontal component of the Earth’s Magnetic field by the use of an instrument called a tangent galvanometer. INTRODUCTION: A tangent galvanometer consists of a number of turns of copper wire wound on a hoop. At the center of the hoop a compass is mounted. When a direct current flows through the wires‚ a magnetic field is induced in the space surrounding the loops of
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major rivers‚ the Xi Jiang (West River)‚ Bei Jiang (North River)‚ and Dong Jiang (East River). The flat lands of the delta are criss-crossed by a network of tributaries and distributaries of the Pearl River. The Pearl River Delta is actually two alluvial deltas‚ separated by the core branch of the Pearl River. The Bei Jiang and Xi Jiang converge to flow into the South China Sea and Pearl River in the west‚ while the Dong Jiang only flows into the Pearl River proper in the east. The Xi Jiang begins exhibiting
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In the nineteenth century the people of Ireland emigrated from their native country and flooded into the English speaking countries of the world such as England‚ Wales‚ Canada‚ Australia and New Zealand in great numbers. The great number of Irish immigrants from this period‚ however‚ decided to try to make their new life in the United States of America‚ especially the American Northeast. Millions of Irish came into the United States during the nineteenth century with a vast percentage of them arriving
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The abacus‚ often called the earliest calculating machine in the world‚ has a long history. The earliest mention of the abacus can be dated back to the Eastern Han Dynasty‚ where it was mentioned in a book by Xu Yue in about 190 A.D‚ There was a time when numbers were not written. As larger numbers become needed past the amount on a human hand‚ various natural goods become items in the counting process. The history and evolution of the abacus is a long one and is often divided into three time periods
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were affected greatly by the discovery of new silver. Silver helped the Chinese economy‚ and hindered its social traditions‚ and caused inflation within Spain. In China‚ the government incorporated all taxes into one‚ to be paid in silver. The writer Xu Dunqiu Ming stated that past traditions of bartering and trading with animals and food had been replaced with silver transactions. (Document 5) Wang Xijue‚ a Ming Dynasty court official‚ said that the government required all taxes and tariffs to be
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grown to the exclusion of staple foods — thus causing famines. For instance‚ in Gambia rice farming was popular before the colonial era‚ but so much of the best land was transferred to groundnuts that rice had to be imported on a large scale to try and counter the fact that famine was becoming endemic. In Asante‚ concentration on cocoa raised fears of famine in a region previously famous for yams and other foodstuff. Yet the threat of famine was a small disadvantage compared to the extreme vulnerability
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Who have died in Corinth? The present article challenges the assumption that the victims were from among the wealthier strata of society‚ and suggests that they instead were from among the poor. The habitual interpretation of 1 Corinthians 11.17-34 is that some from among the rich members had died because of their (own) unworthy celebration of the Lord’s supper. A more probable historical situation is that some of the ‘have-nots’ had become weak and sick due to food-shortage‚ and that some of them
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