Biology Notes B1 NOTES: You and Your Genes Chromosomes: They are found inside the nucleus of cells. They are X Shaped Objects that Contain DNA. Each Chromosome is made from two Chromatids. Chromosomes are held together by a disc called a centromere. Chromosomes are always found in Pairs. | | A | T | G | C | C | G | DNA: It Stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is Made from Nucleic acids of ten (referred to as bases). The four bases are Adenine (A) which always pairs with Thymine (T)
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fission. Bacteria have one chromosome that’s attached to the cell membrane. The chromosome replicates and the two copies separate as the cell grows. Over a period of time this one cell makes two cells. Eukaryotes do the process of mitosis. In mitosis‚ each daughter cell gets about half of the cytoplasm from the mother cell and one copy of the DNA. Cells have to replicate the chromosomes so each daughter cell can have a set before cell division can occur. When the chromosomes have replicated and are
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can be contracted due to the recipient’s environment. However‚ Harlequin is spread genetically. Males have a higher chance of contracting the disorder‚ since it is present in the X chromosome. Sometimes‚ a female’s second X chromosome can take over‚ and keep the body functioning normally. However‚ with a male’s XY chromosome makeup‚ the body is not able to replace the infected gene‚ causing the person to be infected with Harlequin Ichthyosis (DermNet NZ‚ 2003).
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the difference between haploid and diploid cells. Tell where in an organism they are found. Tell how they are produced. A haploid cell is a cell that contains one complete set of chromosomes. Gametes(sperm and ova) are haploid cells that are produced by meiosis. Diploid cells contain two complete sets (2n) of chromosomes. Diploid cells reproduce by mitosis making daughter cells that are exact replicas. Some examples are skin‚ blood‚ muscle cells (also known as somatic cells). 2. In 2-4 sentences
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Virtual Lab Report: Part I Due by: 11:59 PM PST on the second Saturday of class Virtual Lab 1: Virtual Microscopy A. Estimate the size (length and width) of these microscopic objects in micrometers (microns): 1. An E. Coli cell. 3 x 0.6 um =1.8 um 2 A mitochondrion. 4 x 0.8 um = 3.2 um 3. A Red blood cell. 8 um 4. A virus. _Hepatitis 45 nm = .045 um 5. A water molecule. 275 pm =.275 um B. 1 Describe three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic don’t have a nucleus and
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Biology Exam 2013 - Review UNIT: PATERNS OF INHERITENCE Describe Mendel’s experiments: * Chose a female parent; chooses a male parent; pollen is collected from the stamens and dusted onto the female parent stigma; pollen fertilizes the eggs. The ovary develops into the pod and eggs develop into the peas; when peas are planted they develop into pea plants. Why Pea Plants? * Easily obtained * Grown quickly; several generation of peas can be observed * Traits are easily visible
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milliliters expressed sometimes on a scale of 0 to 100 with an average normal value (as 15 grams) taken as 100‚ and that is determined in blood either colorimetrically or by quantitative estimation of the iron present Autosome- any chromosome other than a sex chromosome. Chromosome- any of several threadlike bodies‚ consisting of chromatin‚ that carrythe genes in a linear order: the human species has 23 pairs‚designated 1 to
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prophase: chromosomes condense metatphase: line up on eqator anaphase: pull apart telephases: nuclear membrane forming. 2 daughter cells 46 chromosomes in parent cell‚ > 2 daughter cells (46 chromosome each) Interphase= cell grows‚ DNA duplicates chromosomes‚ cell prepares for division Meiosis 1 parent cell > 4 daughter cells (23 chromosomes each) gametes= sperm/egg zygote= when sperm and egg meet ( end up with 46 chromosomes) prophase 1
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sperm‚ each containing half the complement of chromosomes found in somatic cells‚ fuse to produce a single cell called a _______. 2. _______ is a process of nuclear division in which the number of chromosomes in certain cells is halved during gamete formation. 3. ______ cells such as gametes contain one set of chromosomes. 4. Organisms that undertake sexual reproduction alternate between ______ and fertilization. 5. The two homologous chromosomes pair along their length early in the first
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for a specific trait is located on a sex chromosome‚ resulting in sexually dependent inheritance of the trait (Houghton Mifflin Company 2009). As the first sex-linked gene was found in Drosophila melanogaster (Ladiges‚ Pauline Y 2012) it is appropriate to use them in the study to determine how sex-linked chromosomes effect the offspring. By crossing the male and female Drosophila with different traits we observed the F1 generation and how sex-linked chromosomes were carried into the F1 generation as
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