Return on equity or return on capital is the ratio of net income of a business during a year to its stockholders’ equity during that year. It is a measure of profitability of stockholders’ investments. It shows net income as percentage of shareholder equity. Formula The formula to calculate return on equity is: ROE = Annual Net Income Average Stockholders’ Equity Net income is the after tax income whereas average shareholders’ equity is calculated by dividing the sum of shareholders’
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Returns to Scale Returns to scale is a concept that tries to explain the behaviour of the output in relation to the change in the total scale of operations of the firm. A change of scale of operations means a change in the total size of the firm‚ i.e. a change in both labour and capital of the firm. For determining the returns to scale‚ we need to calculate the Output Elasticity where: Output Elasticity = % change in Output/% change in all inputs The different types of returns to scales
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Risk and Return: Portfolio Theory and Asset Pricing Models Portfolio Theory Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) Efficient frontier Capital Market Line (CML) Security Market Line (SML) Beta calculation Arbitrage pricing theory Fama-French 3-factor model Portfolio Theory • Suppose Asset A has an expected return of 10 percent and a standard deviation of 20 percent. Asset B has an expected return of 16 percent and a standard deviation of 40 percent. If the correlation between A and B is 0.6
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Week Four Assignment: Market Structures and Maximizing Profits Shayne Paul Jedlicka XECO 212 October 30‚ 2011 Walter Schaefer Week Four Assignment: Market Structures and Maximizing Profits Three market structures involving monopolies‚ oligopolies‚ and competitive markets make up the economy in the United States. Each market has different characteristics making each an important part of the economy. Maximum profits are received in a monopoly market because of its control over the market
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your portfolio consists of $100 invested in stock A with a beta of 1.4 and $300 in stock B with a beta of .6. You have another $400 to invest and want to divide it between an asset with a beta of 1.6 and a risk-free asset. How much should you invest in the risk-free asset? a. $0 b. $140 c. $200 d. $320 e. $400 ANALYZING A PORTFOLIO d 59. You have a $1‚000 portfolio which is invested in stocks A and B plus a risk-free asset. $400 is invested in stock A. Stock A has a beta of
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Return On investment CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 6 The ROI Concept 6 Simple ROI for Cash Flow and Investment Analysis 7 Competing Investments: ROI From Cash Flow Streams 7 ROI vs. NPV‚ IRR‚ and Payback Period 10 Other ROI Metrics 11 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 6 Table 2 7 Table 3 8 Table 4 8 Table 5 8 Table 6 ………………………………....................... 9 Table 7 ………………………………...................... 10 Return on Investment: What is ROI analysis? Return on Investment (ROI) analysis
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Diminishing returns From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation‚ search In economics‚ diminishing returns (also called diminishing marginal returns) refers to how the marginal production of a factor of production starts to progressively decrease as the factor is increased‚ in contrast to the increase that would otherwise be normally expected. According to this relationship‚ in a production system with fixed and variable inputs (say factory size and labor)‚ each additional unit of
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market risk and expected return. (1) RISK AND RETURN OF A SINGLE ASSET: Capital gains/ loss yield Current Yield Rate of Return=[Annual income/Beginning price]+[{Ending price-Beginning price}/ Beginning price] OR Total return = Dividend + Capital gain= Rate of return Dividend yield Capital gain yield R1 DIV1 P1 P DIV1 P P 0 0 1 P P P 0 0 0 (2) PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION AND EXPECTED RATE OF RETURN: E(R)=∑(i=1 to n)=p(i) *R(i)‚ where‚ E(R)=expected return‚ n=number of possible
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\ Return on Investment Name Institutional Affiliation QUESTION 1 Experts argue that its essentials to establish ROI parameters before embarking on new public health projects especially those involve acquisition of new information technologies. This means that before embarking on the projects‚ organizations should calculate the incremental gain from such actions basing their parameters on the long term gain. Before undertaking healthcare information systems and related projects‚
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and then compare with its $910 cost Inputs: N = 270‚ I/Y = 5%/365=0.0137%‚ PMT=0‚ FV=$ 1000 Output: PV= $-963.69 $963.69 > $910‚ so buy the note to raises my wealth. Highest effective rate of return. Figure out the EAR% on T-note‚ and then compare with 5%‚ which is your opportunity cost of capital: Inputs: N = 270‚ PV=-$910‚ PMT=0‚ FV= $1000 Output: I/Y= 0.0349% EAR = EAR%=〖 (1+0.000349)〗^365 – 1 = 0.1358 =13.58% Cause 13.58% > 5%‚ so I will buy the T-note. You want to purchase a house:
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