O’Neill martin.oneill[@]york.ac.uk Lecture 2: Positive and Negative Liberty 1. William E. Connolly: Liberty as an ‘Essentially-Contested Concept’ • See Connolly‚ The Terms of Political Discourse (1983)‚ and the relevant excerpt in CKS (i.e. Freedom: A Philosophical Anthology‚ ed. Ian Carter‚ Matthew Kramer and Hillel Steiner (Blackwell‚ 2007).) • The idea of an “essentially contested concept” – a concept that cannot be specified in detail in advance of normative debates. • The meanings of terms
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Between 1450 and 1700‚ attitudes toward the European poor changed dynamically‚ roughly following a three-part cycle. In the late 1400’s‚ the poor were regarded with sympathy and compassion; generous aid from both public and religious institutions was common. By the 16th Century‚ however‚ the poor were treated with suspicion and harsh measures‚ to ensure that they were not becoming lazy‚ using welfare as a substitute for labor. Beginning in the 17th Century‚ the attitudes toward the poor again shifted
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He was a fur trader In 1673‚ he made a trip along the Mississippi River with Jacques Marquette. Using the guidance of the Native Americans‚ they ended up at the Gulf of Mexico. They were hoping that the river would lead to a passage to Asia. From his journey‚ the official regional maps of the area were created. Died in 1700. He was a cartographer. Died in 1700. He was the first white man to traverse the Mississippi River from its confluence with the Wisconsin to the mouth of the Arkansas River
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Do Americans still value Freedom? America was founded upon “Certain Unalienable Rights” which among those were Life‚ Liberty‚ and the Pursuit of Happiness. Those three values‚ or wants‚ or ideals are what has shaped America to what it is today. Government of the United States has always made sure Freedom took a huge part in the way America functions. The Quarter has been worth 25 cents for quite some time and has had the emblem of “Liberty” on the left hand side of it. For the word liberty to be
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Ownership in America During the 1700’s Native Americans in the early 1700’s saw land as a communal matter‚ while European people viewed land as an entity to be possessed and sold. To Native Americans‚ the concept of exchanging currency for land was undiscovered; property was to be used by all peoples of a tribe without tariff. However‚ Europeans had been doing this for a protracted period of time and the idea of boasting a plot of land was commonplace. When the British landed in Maryland and there
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Differences between colonies: Religious: The Pilgrims who settled at Plymouth were "Puritans" vs. Anglicans at Jamestown. Plus‚ Plymouth was founded for religious reasons while Jamestown was founded for economic reasons. Don’t get me wrong--religion was critical for both groups but the Puritans left England because they were religious outcasts while the settlers at Jamestown were there for economic benefit and had investors. Labor: Jamestown was initially settled under martial law and the military
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My subject is on "The Freedom Riders". The Freedom Riders were a group of multicultural men and women‚ who challenged the laws of segregation on interstate buses. The Freedom Riders were brave men and women wanting to make a difference. Though the Freedom Riders were not the first people to go up against segregation they held a part in what we as our African American history. According to Mr. Raymond Arsenault the recent death of Rosa Parks refocused nationwide attention on one of the crucial figures
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Founding the New Nation #3) Which factor‚ religious freedom or economic betterment best describes the motivation behind the founding of English colonies? It wasn’t just the desire of religious freedom or just the desperation of economic betterment that motivated the founding of the New World; it was both. The development of the colonies in America helped the colonies to decide their own thoughts and ideas. In which Puritans were mostly the founders of the main colonies. Puritans were English
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Article on “Slavery and Freedom: The American Paradox” Edmond S. Morgan’s article‚ “Slavery and Freedom: The American Paradox‚” brings across an eye opening thought to America and why we are allotted the rights we have as citizens. He express’ a feeling of gratitude to the people of the period for what they had to give up or take on. Edmond S. Morgan’s article tells that slavery is part of America’s dark history but without it we would not be truly free citizens. The author of the article wants
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The American Civil War In 1860‚ arguably the world’s greatest nation was locked in Civil War. The war divided the country between the North (Union) and South (Confederate). The war lasted five years and by 1865 the Confederate forces were truly beaten. Out of this horrendous war though‚ where some 600‚000 men died grew a greater sense of nationalism than is today‚ unrivalled around the world. The American Civil War is interpreted differently by many historians but most see the catalyst as
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