Table of contents: 1. Introduction 1.1 History of the Concept 2. The OSI Reference Model 2.1 OSI Layer 1: The Physical Layer 2.2 OSI Layer 2: The Data Link Layer 2.3 OSI Layer 3: The Network Layer 2.4 OSI Layer 4: The Transport Layer 2.5 OSI Layer 5: The Session Layer 2.6 OSI Layer 6: The Presentation Layer 2.7 OSI Layer 7: The Application Layer 3. Summary of the OSI reference model 4. Sources 1. Introduction Over the past forty years computer networks have dramatically
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the OSI Model? The OSI model is a reference model which most IT professionals and network applications. use to describe networks The OSI model was originally intended to describe a complete set of production network protocols‚ but the cost and complexity of the government processes involved in defining the OSI network made the project unviable. In the time that the OSI designers spent arguing over who would be responsible for what‚ TCP/IP conquered the world. The Seven Layers of the OSI Model
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Network Models 2.1 THE OSI MODEL •Established in 1947‚ the International Standards 1947‚ Organization (ISO) is a multinational body dedicated to ISO) worldwide agreement on international standards. standards. •An ISO standard that covers all aspects of network communications is the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. It was first introduced in the late 1970s. OSI) model. 1970s • the open system is the set of protocols that allows any two different systems to communicate without regarding
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4 OSI Transport Layer 4.1 Roles of transport Layer 4.1.1 Purpose The Transport layer provides for the segmentation of data and the control necessary to reassemble these pieces into the various communication streams. Its primary responsibilities to accomplish this are: Tracking the individual communication between applications on the source and destination hosts Segmenting data and managing each piece Reassembling the segments into streams of application data Identifying the different applications
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FROM: Student SUBJECT: Security and the OSI Model The Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) Model is the basis on which network communications function. Every network application more or less adheres to the standards of the OSI Model. Each layer of the OSI model represents a level of network functionality. For each layer‚ there are different types of security to protect the network at that layer. The physical layer is the actual medium in which the data travels. This is usually a wire‚ hub
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permits concerns related to networking hardware to be completely separated from those related to networking software. ___T_ 4. PDUs typically include “envelope information” in the form of specific headers and trailers. __F__ 5. The Session layer is equipped to request retransmission of all erroneous or missing PDUs when reassembly is underway‚ so that it can guarantee reliable delivery of data from sender to receiver. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement
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OSI Model Quiz Result Scrolldown to review your answer and view your score. Passing grade is 70% = C. ------------------------------------------------- Top of FormBottom of Form | 1) Routers operate at which layer of the OSI model? | a) physical | b) transport | c) network - correct answer | d) MAC sublayer of the data link layer | | 2) Bits are packaged into frames at which layer of the OSI model? | a) data link - correct answer | b)
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The main benefits of the OSI model include the following: • Helps users understand the big picture of networking • Helps users understand how hardware and software elements function together • Makes troubleshooting easier by separating networks into manageable pieces • Defines terms that networking professionals can use to compare basic functional relationships on different networks • Helps users understand new technologies as they are developed • Aids in interpreting vendor explanations of product
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ISO-OSI 7-Layer Network Architecture This lecture introduces the ISO-OSI layered architecture of Networks. According to the ISO standards‚ networks have been divided into 7 layers depending on the complexity of the functionality each of these layers provide. The detailed description of each of these layers is given in the notes below. We will first list the layers as defined by the standard in the increasing order of function complexity: 1. Physical Layer 2. Data Link Layer 3. Network Layer
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Security and the OSI Model Network security is a topic that reaches far beyond the realm of firewalls‚ passwords‚ and user ID accounts. For a network and data to remain secure there must be protective measures at each level in the OSI interconnect model. While each layer basically operates autonomously of the other it is important to ensure that the data being transmitted from the host to destination has not been tampered with or is being prevented from reaching its destination. There are
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