Capital Structure Decisions: Which Factors Are Reliably Important? Murray Z. Frank and Vidhan K. Goyal∗ This paper examines the relative importance of many factors in the capital structure decisions of publicly traded American firms from 1950 to 2003. The most reliable factors for explaining market leverage are: median industry leverage (+ effect on leverage)‚ market-to-book assets ratio (−)‚ tangibility (+)‚ profits (−)‚ log of assets (+)‚ and expected inflation (+). In addition‚ we find
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Arthur Andersen’s Troubles 1. Arthur Anderson (AA) should have been able to help prevent to some extent the Enron disaster‚ however‚ they either missed or ignored Enron’s manipulations allowing the fraud to continue as long as it did. AA contributed to the disaster by approving the structure of many Special Purpose Entities (SPE)‚ which Enron used for off-balance sheet financing. The SPEs did not meet the requirements of an independent company and should have been consolidated with Enron’s
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FAULTY VISION AND HEARING IN THE NOVELS OF ANNE TYLER A Dissertation Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies and Research in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Angelique Hobbs Medvesky Indiana University of Pennsylvania December 2008 © 2008 by Angelique Hobbs Medvesky All Rights Reserved ii Indiana University of Pennsylvania The School of Graduate Studies and Research Department of English We hereby approve the dissertation of Angelique
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Explore the ways in which Hill creates sympathy for Arthur as the hero of the Woman in Black Key to the success of TWiB is Hill’s expertise in encouraging the reader to identify with the main character‚ Arthur Kipps. She achieves this by stimulating feelings of sympathy towards Arthur. Some of the ways in which she does this are by using a variety of different methods such as a range of structural devices‚ detailed descriptions of the setting‚ the central theme of fear and the change in Arthur’s
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Were there endemic weaknesses which explain the defeat of the Third Reich? In the aftermath of the Second War‚ historians- their judgement clearer with the benefit of hindsight- have clamoured to give their accounts of why Hitler’s Third Reich was defeated‚ often pointing to structural failings within the state. Nazi Germany’s downfall was not inevitable‚ though‚ and indeed for over two years‚ between the summer of 1940 and autumn of 1942‚ the outcome of the war was far from certain. Yet‚ just
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Faulty Organizational Behavior in Tyco International Ltd LDR/531 Faulty Organizational Behavior in Tyco International Ltd Most employees travel to and from the workplace each day with the ultimate goal to successfully perform their assigned job according to company standards. These company standards may include agendas‚ mission statements‚ professional conduct guidelines and even a code of ethics. How employees choose to follow company standards may govern their overall progress or success.
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story was written. Hans Christian Andersen wrote the Little Mermaid in 1837. This is around the time that Europe was going through some significant changes. Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution was coming to light‚ Napoleon Bonaparte was ruling‚ and women’s role in society wasn’t veryu evolved (Teacher Web par. 1) All of these events going on affected Andersen’s writing in some way‚ his alternate universe could have
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management within Arthur Andersen. Specifically‚ the paper will discuss at least one legal‚ ethical‚ and social responsibility issue that impacts Arthur Andersen. Additionally‚ this paper will analyze the impact these factors have on Arthur Andersen’s management planning. Finally‚ this paper will analyze at least three factors that influence Arthur Andersen’s strategic‚ tactical‚ operational‚ and contingency planning. The firm of Arthur Andersen LLP was founded in 1913 by Arthur Andersen and Clarence
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debate was clear and accurate‚ but was not usually thorough. Information had several inaccuracies OR was usually not clear. Rebuttal All counter-arguments were accurate‚ relevant and strong. Most counter-arguments were accurate‚ relevant‚ and strong. Most counter-arguments were accurate and relevant‚ but several were weak. Counter-arguments were not accurate and/or relevant Use of Facts/Statistics Every major point was well supported with several relevant facts‚ statistics and/or examples. Every
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non-programmed decisions Prepared by: Rehab Mohamed Abd El Rasoule PROGRAMMED AND NONPROGRAMMED DECISIONS Programmed decisions: Programmed decision are decisions that have been made so many times in the past that managers have developed rules or guideline to be applied when certain situations are expected to occur in a certain situation. Another definition: It’s made in accordance with written or unwritten policies‚ procedures‚ or rules that simplify decision making
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