Quality Cost 1 Quality is defined from the customer´s point of view l Performance l Performance or the primary operating characteristics of a product or service. Example: For a car‚ it is speed‚ handling‚ and acceleration. For a restaurant‚ it is good food. l Features l Features or the secondary characteristics of a product or service. Example: For a TV‚ it is an automatic tuner. For a restaurant‚ it is linen table cloths and napkins . l Reliability l Reliability
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TYPES OF COSTS Introduction :-Production is the result of services rendered by various factors of production.The producer or firm has to make payments for this factor services. From the point of view of the factor inputs it is called ‘factor income’ while for the firm it is ‘factor payment’‚ or cost of inputs.Generally‚ the term cost of production refers to the ‘money expenses’ incurredin the production of a commodity. But money expenses are not the only expensesincurred on the production
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Cost Control and Cost Reduction A business enterprise must survive‚ grow‚ and prosper. Cost Control and Cost Reduction are activities necessary for ensuring that these objectives are fulfilled. With the liberalization of the Indian Economy and Globalization‚ there is now a cut throat competition from various concerns of the world. As a result there is now a race to secure a place for survival. This has increased the importance of cost control and Cost Reduction. Cost Control “Cost control
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successful cost reduction programmes In the current economic climate‚ most organisations must face up to a prolonged period of extreme competition and funding restrictions. This is particularly the case if the past few years have been focused on growth‚ service improvement or reorganisation (i.e. cost efficiency has not been a recent priority). Such pressures require an approach that reduces costs in a strategic‚ disciplined‚ and sustainable manner - delivered at pace. In our view serious cost reduction
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3 Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis Learning Objectives 1. Explain the features of cost-volumeprofit (CVP) analysis 2. Determine the breakeven point and output level needed to achieve a target operating income 3. Understand how income taxes affect CVP analysis 4. Explain how managers use CVP analysis in decision making 5. Explain how sensitivity analysis helps managers cope with uncertainty 6. Use CVP analysis to plan variable and fixed costs 7. Apply CVP analysis to a company producing multiple
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Project Plan Execution The Project Plan Execution Process ensures that planned project activities are carried out in an effective and efficient way while ensuring that measurements against project plans‚ specifications‚ and the original project feasibility concept continue to be collected‚ analyzed and acted on throughout the project lifecycle. It is important to note that project execution relies heavily on the plans developed in the Planning Phase. There is already enough work to do within the
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largest of the three operating units of Polysar Limited. The primary users of its products‚ such as butyl and halobutyl‚ are manufacturers of automobile tires; other users are from various industries. In 1986‚ Rubber group contributed 0.8 billion which is 46 percent of the company annual sale. The operation of the group is divided into four divisions‚ NASA (North America and South America) and EROW (Europe and rest of the world)‚ Research department and Global Marketing department. NASA and EROW
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volume-based system to an activity-based costing (ABC) system after reading about the two-stage procedure to assign overhead cots to products. Chuck questioned if the current cost-management system was providing the management with accurate data about product costs. In a traditional‚ volume-based product-costing system‚ only a single predetermine overhead rate is used. All manufacturing-overhead costs are combined into one cost pool‚ a grouping of individual indirect cost items‚ and they are applied
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Project Administration‚ Procedure No: 1 PROJECT COST CONTROL SECTION 1 - INTRODUCTION General 1. Three distinct tasks are required to achieve effective cost control of a project. These are:a. Planning and Organising the project. b. Recording and Reporting Costs during the execution of the project. c. Taking Corrective action if the cost reports indicate such action is necessary. The greatest control of costs is achieved at the planning and organising stage of any project‚ more so if the design
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ESTIMATING PROJECT TIMES AND COSTS Estimating is the process of forecasting or approximating the time and cost of completing project deliverables. Cost‚ time‚ and budget estimates are the support for control. Project status reports depend on reliable estimates as the major input for measuring variances and taking corrective action. Inaccurate estimates lead to false expectations and consumer dissatisfaction. There are reasons why estimating time and cost are important. Below are the following:
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